Urbanisation (1)

Question 1

urbanisation

Answer 1

the growth in the proportion of a country’s population that live in an urban area compared to a rural area

Question 2

What percentage of the worlds population live in urban areas?

Answer 2

50%

3.4 billion people

Question 3

where is urbanisation fastest?

Answer 3

poorer countries

twice as great in poorer countries

Question 4

Why is urbanisation happening so fast in LIC’s and NEE’s?

Answer 4

young people move to cities to find work
have children
increasing proportion of population

Question 5

why do people migrate to urban areas?

Answer 5

better healthcare
service accessibility
life expectancy

Question 6

what is suburbanisation?

Answer 6

outward growth of urban areas where people move to the suburbs
usually occurs when wealthier people decide to move away from central city for a better quality of life

Question 7

what are the suburbs?

Answer 7

outlying areas if a city close enough to CBD so accessible by commuters
predominantly residential

Question 8

what is counter urbanisation?

Answer 8

large numbers of people move from urban areas into surrounding countryside

Question 9

issues with suburbanisation

Answer 9

inner cities become deprived

house price within suburbs increasing

Question 10

what are greenbelts?

Answer 10

area around a city where building is restricted in order to preserve rural areas
not always successful as developers can work to remove green belt status

Question 11

push factors (urbanisation)

Answer 11

famine
drought
poor healthcare

Question 12

pull factors (urbanisation)

Answer 12

opportunities
jobs
education
healthcare

Question 13

advantages of urbanisation

Answer 13

better quality of life

city develops over time with more workers for infrastructure

Question 14

disadvantages of urbanisation

Answer 14

unplanned housing
water pollution
poor exploited
large social divide

Question 15

push factors (counter urbanisation)

Answer 15

pollution
large industrial areas
economic decline

Question 16

pull factors (counter urbanisation)

Answer 16

clean air
more space
countryside
better value housing

Question 17

advantages of counter urbanisation?

Answer 17

forces inner city areas to regenerate

helps reduce overcrowding and housing shortages

Question 18

disadvantages of counter urbanisation

Answer 18

higher rural house prices
traffic and congestion
conflict between population

Question 19

urbanisation in Uk between 1971 and 1991?

Answer 19

number of people living in the centre of the UK cities has declined but population living in cities has doubled since 2001

Question 20

what is urban resurgence?

Answer 20

process of people moving back into city especially after deterioration of the area

Question 21

why does urban resurgence happen?

Answer 21

schemes are put in place that aim to improve the quality of life
encourage city centre to economically grow and regenerate

Question 22

what percentage of highly skilled jobs are coated in urban areas?

Answer 22

71%

Question 23

issues with urban resurgence

Answer 23

gentrification and excess wealth in newly redeveloped areas mean that the original population can struggle to keep up with higher prices

Question 24

when were urban development corporations set up and by who?

Answer 24

conservative party

1979

Question 25

why did the conservative government set up urban development corporations?

Answer 25

realised that regeneration required drastic action not capable of being solved by local authorities on their own

Question 26

what did UDC's involve?

Answer 26

create agencies that would regenerate specific areas

Question 27

what did UDC's focus on?

Answer 27

physical redevelopment of derelict land | securing private capital and private sector expertise in redeveloping the area

Question 28

when were enterprise zones set up?

Answer 28

1981

Question 29

what was the aim of enterprise zones?

Answer 29

try to create development in areas of high unemployment

Question 30

what did enterprise zones involve?

Answer 30

reducing taxes for businesses in zones to encourage start ups?

Question 31

were enterprise zones successful?

Answer 31

successful in parts, tended to result in businesses relocating to the ez's rather than new start ups (new jobs limited)

Question 32

when did city challenge start and why?

Answer 32

1991 change of focus by governments partnership between local authorities and private sector

Question 33

what did city challenge involve?

Answer 33

in order for funding to be awarded companies had to demonstrate how redevelopment would affect the area and local authority as a whole funding also allocated based on quality of partnership

Question 34

problems with city challenge

Answer 34

funding based on partnership not necessarily on the need for regeneration

Question 35

what did city challenge focus on?

Answer 35

physical infrastructure job creation social regeneration