Urbanisation Flashcards
(17 cards)
What is urbanisation
A population shift from rural to urban areas and the ways in which each society adapts to the environmental, social and economic change
What does it mean by the level of urbanisation
The percentage of people living in urban areas
What does it mean by the process of urbanisation
Refers to the reasons for the increase in the number of people living in rural or urban areas
Urbanisation implications on Populations Growth
By 2050 it is projected population will grow by 2.5 million
As population increases so does urbanisation levels however, due to rapidly increasing urbanisation levels this means more people are receiving healthcare and education which causes population to steady state as they have smaller families
Negatives - Urbanisation on Human well-being
Higher pollution
Higher crime rates
Rapid sprawl
Unsustainable production
Positives - Urbanisation on Human Well-being
Lower fertility
Greater accessibility
Longer life expectancy
Better health services
Challenges facing Urban areas
Changing demographics
Employment
Environment Degradation
Congestion
Environmental Degradation
Causes populations to have a reduced standard of living due to a decrease in production and income
Deteriorating urban air is a major issue as it causes major health issues
Over 30% of Indias population live with deteriorating air
Beijing’s air quality is equivalent to smoke 40 cigarettes a day
Congestion
Congestion costs a lot for cities
In Australia it costs $15 B per year, also results in less productivity, cost of fuel and vehicle maintenance
Challenges facing rural areas
Population loss
Land-use conflict
Decline in services
Isolation and Remoteness
Isolation and Remoteness
The accessibility remoteness index for Australia demonstrates that more than 50% of Australia is classified as ‘Remote’ or ‘Very remote’ in which 2% of Australia’s population lives in these places
Due to physical distance and poor connection to technology this causes the population of rural places to be isolated from basic social services such as healthcare and education.
E.G - Royal Flying doctor
What is Invasion
The process by which one function moves into an area occupied by a different type of land use.
Evident in the IMZ and RUF
Example - Medical Specialist into West Perth, Houses renovated to suit new functions such as Colin Street
What is Succession
Occurs when the process of invasion is complete and all evidence of the original function has completely disappeared
Evident in IMZ and RUF
Example - East Perth at one time was industrial. Today it is predominantly residential mixed with other uses
What is renewal
Involves the upgrading and redevelopment of blighted areas. Old buildings are demolished and new ones built. Renewal occurs largely as as a result of the need for space as functions develop and expand
Land Use Competition
Accessibility is the dominant force behind this process, as it influences land values. The most desirable sites are located close to the CBD as well as major transport links converge on this point. As land is limited in the CBD and highly desirable the land values are extremely high
What is Inertia
Inertia occurs when an established function resists changing their location until it becomes too expensive and difficult to maintain its use where it is
Example - WACA Ground in East Perth
Agglomeration
The grouping together of different or related land use functions that benefit from each other’s operations or in the use of shared infrastructure
Example - Evident long St. Georges Terrace to allow for close contacts between providers and Consumers as there is stock exchange, banks, stockbrokers and accountants
