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Urbanisation Flashcards

1
Q

What is urbanisation

A

The increase in the proportion of people in towns/cities

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2
Q

What are some benefits of urbanisation

A 
Expands human knowledge
Brings groups together
Economically benefits the modern world
Sustainability
Cultural diversity
Better quality of life
Increased employment
Access to services
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3
Q

What percent of GDP comes from urban areas

A

80%

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4
Q

What is exponential growth

A

A pattern where the growth rate constantly increases and becomes more rapid often becoming more steeper over time and can result in growth

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5
Q

In most rich countries, what percent live in urban areas

A

60%

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6
Q

What is migration

A

Rural-urban migration is the main driver of urbanisation. Most of the migrants are young and migrate from the countryside because of pull factors like work or education

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7
Q

What is natural increase

A

The young population in many cities lead to high rates of natural increase, cities also led to have better healthcare than rural regions so death rates are low and life expectancy is higher

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8
Q

Where are cities usually

A

Near rivers or by the water for better trade access

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9
Q

What is a megacity

A

A city with a population of over 10million

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10
Q

What is a world city

A

Generally considered to be important to the world economy, have world importance, centres of government and have national and informational headquarters, have cultural outlets

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11
Q

What are 3 types of megacity

A

Slow-growing
Growing
Rapid-growing

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12
Q

Where is Mumbai

A

Located in the Maharashtra state in the west. Bordered by the Arabian sea

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13
Q

Why is Mumbai such an important global and megacity internationally

A

4th largest city in the world
Closer to Europe via the Suez canal
Many banks are headquartered there
Some of the most expensive houses In The world

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14
Q

Why is Mumbai such an important global and megacity nationally

A 
Wealthiest city in India financial
Financial capital of India
2nd biggest part of India
Contributed to 10% of all factory workers
Bollywood industry
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15
Q

Why is Mumbai such an important global and megacity regionally

A

Largest city in Maharashtra which is the richest Indian state
Large unskilled group of workers
Mumbai owed wealth until the 1980s
Diversified local economy

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16
Q

Population of Mumbai

A

20,961,472

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17
Q

Population growth of Mumbai in 2022

A

1.42%

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18
Q

Area of Mumbai

A

603.4 km

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19
Q

Average earnings in Mumbai

A

4.4 lakhs

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20
Q

GDP in Mumbai

A

$2845

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21
Q

Life expectancy in Mumbai

A

70.19

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22
Q

Main religion in Mumbai

23
Q

How and why has Mumbai grown

A

The population has grown by around 2-3 million people to the population every decade since 1950.
Mumbai has changed to fit this by building slum towns

24
Q

Pull factors of Mumbai

A

Large services
Guaranteed payment for jobs
Large social hub

25
Push factors of rural india
Low service quality Not financially secure Closed off
26
How much of India's sea trade does Mumbai attract
60%
27
How much of India's income tax does Mumbai contribute
33%
28
Examples of TNCs in Mumbai
Bank of America Glaxosmithkline Volkswagen Walt Disney
29
How much coastline does Mumbai have
150km of coastline
30
What is the annual minimum wage in in Mumbai
$689-half of Vietnam's
31
What is the informal economy
Type of employment without the official knowledge of the government and therefore without paying taxes. It is common in many LICs
32
Challenges of recycling in Mumbai
``` Earn £1 a day Work in appalling conditions Children and women sift through plastic Toxic substances without proper equipment Could affect life expectancy Dangerous waste recycled ```
33
Opportunities of recycling in Mumbai
``` 80% recycled Could be a way to a sustainable future Continuously recycles Trying to develop Every thing recycled ```
34
Opportunities for housing
Trying to lower housing cost that would be worth more and increasing salaries. There are houses that cost a lot more to cater to the rich and housing that is smaller for the poor but fits it's purpose. There is a large sense of community in poor areas and people work together to survive
35
Opportunities for healthcare in Mumbai
More facilities Rural areas only have 31% of healthcare while urban areas have 69% of facilities Larger birth rates and lower death rates compared to rural regions Charities reach out to maternal or newborn health care
36
Opportunities for education in Mumbai
People opening makeshift schools | Local children get education, in rural areas women don't get much education while men get higher education
37
Challenges of housing in Mumbai
Still too expensive for people who don't earn much Inflation raises cause more homeless as they can't afford houses Open sewers Overcrowding Lack of proper healthcare and services Bad living conditions Graphs show half of Mumbai's population live in slums but in other large cities it's a small number
38
Challenges of healthcare in Mumbai
Lower death rate and higher birth rate increases disease risk Lower percent of government sponsored healthcare Higher percent of individual cover
39
Challenges of education in Mumbai
Large number of children may put a strain on education system Poorest 20% have a lower attendance of 69.4% While highest 20% have a 95.7% attendance rate Richer people have a higher chance of education compared to poor people
40
How long does water run for some slums a day
30 mins
41
What percent of Mumbai uses communal taps
60%
42
How many litres of untreated sewage goes into the water a day
800million litres
43
What are challenges of sanitation in Mumbai
Not many toilets | Fast disease spread
44
What is the slum sanitation program
Aimed to build 330 community toilet blocks which would be handed to the community to use and maintain
45
Who does the SSP target
Around a million slum dwellers which is around 20% if Mumbai's population that live in slums
46
What did the vision Mumbai report suggest should happen to aid redevelopment
$10 billion of public money should be spent on improving the quality of life in slums and well as $30 billion of private investment
47
What did vision Mumbai recommend to improve urban slums
Improved roads and congestion on trains. To clear slums and build 11 million low cost homes that would reduce the number of people living in slums from 60% to 10%
48
How is dharavi being redeveloped
``` Huge parts are being developed and demolished to build affordable homes and luxury apartments for middle class profit Dharavi is located next to Mumbai's financial district ```
49
Benefits of the slum rehabilitation housing scheme
Lower risk of illness such as typhoid and stomach problems Narrow alleys will be replaced by wide wide roads to reduce fire risks Reduces overcrowding Have internet and other accessories
50
Limitations of the slum rehabilitation housing scheme
Takes time and space Some people moved a lot like between transit houses Uses more fuel from individual cooking instead of together Breaks sense of trust in community A breeding ground for TB
51
Why do squatter settlements exist
Simple single or 2story building without planning control and they exist when migrants come into the city And can't get a house or they can't afford a house
52
What do the authorities do to get rid of settlements
The bhendi bazaar is a mired area of chawls and 1250 stalls Population=20000 Authorities plan to demolish 250 buildings and replace them with 17high rise tower blocks Work started in 2010 and some families relocated
53
What is the slum rehabilitation housing scheme
A new scheme which plans to make development sustainable Mixture of houses and shops so people can shop locally Wide roads and tree lined pavements will replace alley ways Open space like parks and green areas Car parks and connection to public transport Buildings will have solar panels CCTV sewage system and lighting

Mumbai Urbanisation (1 decks)

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