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Mumbai Urbanisation > Urbanisation > Flashcards

Urbanisation Flashcards

1
Q

What is urbanisation

A

The increase in the proportion of people in towns/cities

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2
Q

What are some benefits of urbanisation

A 
Expands human knowledge
Brings groups together
Economically benefits the modern world
Sustainability
Cultural diversity
Better quality of life
Increased employment
Access to services
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3
Q

What percent of GDP comes from urban areas

A

80%

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4
Q

What is exponential growth

A

A pattern where the growth rate constantly increases and becomes more rapid often becoming more steeper over time and can result in growth

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5
Q

In most rich countries, what percent live in urban areas

A

60%

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6
Q

What is migration

A

Rural-urban migration is the main driver of urbanisation. Most of the migrants are young and migrate from the countryside because of pull factors like work or education

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7
Q

What is natural increase

A

The young population in many cities lead to high rates of natural increase, cities also led to have better healthcare than rural regions so death rates are low and life expectancy is higher

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8
Q

Where are cities usually

A

Near rivers or by the water for better trade access

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9
Q

What is a megacity

A

A city with a population of over 10million

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10
Q

What is a world city

A

Generally considered to be important to the world economy, have world importance, centres of government and have national and informational headquarters, have cultural outlets

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11
Q

What are 3 types of megacity

A

Slow-growing
Growing
Rapid-growing

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12
Q

Where is Mumbai

A

Located in the Maharashtra state in the west. Bordered by the Arabian sea

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13
Q

Why is Mumbai such an important global and megacity internationally

A

4th largest city in the world
Closer to Europe via the Suez canal
Many banks are headquartered there
Some of the most expensive houses In The world

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14
Q

Why is Mumbai such an important global and megacity nationally

A 
Wealthiest city in India financial
Financial capital of India
2nd biggest part of India
Contributed to 10% of all factory workers
Bollywood industry
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15
Q

Why is Mumbai such an important global and megacity regionally

A

Largest city in Maharashtra which is the richest Indian state
Large unskilled group of workers
Mumbai owed wealth until the 1980s
Diversified local economy

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16
Q

Population of Mumbai

A

20,961,472

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17
Q

Population growth of Mumbai in 2022

A

1.42%

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18
Q

Area of Mumbai

A

603.4 km

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19
Q

Average earnings in Mumbai

A

4.4 lakhs

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20
Q

GDP in Mumbai

A

$2845

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21
Q

Life expectancy in Mumbai

A

70.19

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22
Q

Main religion in Mumbai

A

Hinduism

23
Q

How and why has Mumbai grown

A

The population has grown by around 2-3 million people to the population every decade since 1950.
Mumbai has changed to fit this by building slum towns

24
Q

Pull factors of Mumbai

A

Large services
Guaranteed payment for jobs
Large social hub

25
Q

Push factors of rural india

A

Low service quality
Not financially secure
Closed off

26
Q

How much of India’s sea trade does Mumbai attract

A

60%

27
Q

How much of India’s income tax does Mumbai contribute

A

33%

28
Q

Examples of TNCs in Mumbai

A

Bank of America
Glaxosmithkline
Volkswagen
Walt Disney

29
Q

How much coastline does Mumbai have

A

150km of coastline

30
Q

What is the annual minimum wage in in Mumbai

A

$689-half of Vietnam’s

31
Q

What is the informal economy

A

Type of employment without the official knowledge of the government and therefore without paying taxes. It is common in many LICs

32
Q

Challenges of recycling in Mumbai

A 
Earn £1 a day
Work in appalling conditions
Children and women sift through plastic
Toxic substances without proper equipment
Could affect life expectancy
Dangerous waste recycled
33
Q

Opportunities of recycling in Mumbai

A 
80% recycled
Could be a way to a sustainable future
Continuously recycles
Trying to develop 
Every thing recycled
34
Q

Opportunities for housing

A

Trying to lower housing cost that would be worth more and increasing salaries. There are houses that cost a lot more to cater to the rich and housing that is smaller for the poor but fits it’s purpose. There is a large sense of community in poor areas and people work together to survive

35
Q

Opportunities for healthcare in Mumbai

A

More facilities
Rural areas only have 31% of healthcare while urban areas have 69% of facilities
Larger birth rates and lower death rates compared to rural regions
Charities reach out to maternal or newborn health care

36
Q

Opportunities for education in Mumbai

A

People opening makeshift schools

Local children get education, in rural areas women don’t get much education while men get higher education

37
Q

Challenges of housing in Mumbai

A

Still too expensive for people who don’t earn much
Inflation raises cause more homeless as they can’t afford houses
Open sewers
Overcrowding
Lack of proper healthcare and services
Bad living conditions
Graphs show half of Mumbai’s population live in slums but in other large cities it’s a small number

38
Q

Challenges of healthcare in Mumbai

A

Lower death rate and higher birth rate increases disease risk
Lower percent of government sponsored healthcare
Higher percent of individual cover

39
Q

Challenges of education in Mumbai

A

Large number of children may put a strain on education system
Poorest 20% have a lower attendance of 69.4%
While highest 20% have a 95.7% attendance rate
Richer people have a higher chance of education compared to poor people

40
Q

How long does water run for some slums a day

A

30 mins

41
Q

What percent of Mumbai uses communal taps

A

60%

42
Q

How many litres of untreated sewage goes into the water a day

A

800million litres

43
Q

What are challenges of sanitation in Mumbai

A

Not many toilets

Fast disease spread

44
Q

What is the slum sanitation program

A

Aimed to build 330 community toilet blocks which would be handed to the community to use and maintain

45
Q

Who does the SSP target

A

Around a million slum dwellers which is around 20% if Mumbai’s population that live in slums

46
Q

What did the vision Mumbai report suggest should happen to aid redevelopment

A

$10 billion of public money should be spent on improving the quality of life in slums and well as $30 billion of private investment

47
Q

What did vision Mumbai recommend to improve urban slums

A

Improved roads and congestion on trains. To clear slums and build 11 million low cost homes that would reduce the number of people living in slums from 60% to 10%

48
Q

How is dharavi being redeveloped

A 
Huge parts are being developed and demolished to build affordable homes and luxury apartments for middle class profit 
Dharavi is located next to Mumbai's financial district
49
Q

Benefits of the slum rehabilitation housing scheme

A

Lower risk of illness such as typhoid and stomach problems
Narrow alleys will be replaced by wide wide roads to reduce fire risks
Reduces overcrowding
Have internet and other accessories

50
Q

Limitations of the slum rehabilitation housing scheme

A

Takes time and space
Some people moved a lot like between transit houses
Uses more fuel from individual cooking instead of together
Breaks sense of trust in community
A breeding ground for TB

51
Q

Why do squatter settlements exist

A

Simple single or 2story building without planning control and they exist when migrants come into the city
And can’t get a house or they can’t afford a house

52
Q

What do the authorities do to get rid of settlements

A

The bhendi bazaar is a mired area of chawls and 1250 stalls
Population=20000
Authorities plan to demolish 250 buildings and replace them with 17high rise tower blocks
Work started in 2010 and some families relocated

53
Q

What is the slum rehabilitation housing scheme

A

A new scheme which plans to make development sustainable
Mixture of houses and shops so people can shop locally
Wide roads and tree lined pavements will replace alley ways
Open space like parks and green areas
Car parks and connection to public transport
Buildings will have solar panels CCTV sewage system and lighting

Mumbai Urbanisation (1 decks)

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