Urbanisation Flashcards
(38 cards)
How is the population of urban areas increasing/changing?
- The number and proportion of people living in urban areas has increased since 1945. In the 1950s, 30% of all people lived in urban areas. In 2014, over 50% lived in towns/cities.
What is the population like in the urban world?
- A majority of people live in cities but there has only been a slight increase since 1945 and is a result of urbanisation happening earlier in the developed world.
- During the industrial revolution people moved into the cities to work in mills etc but since the deindustrialisation process they have begun to get worse and migrate.
What is the population like in the developing world?
- Many live in rural areas but this is changing as they become emerging economies where new cities are forming and people are moving there for work.
- In Beijing, China the urban population increased from 4.4 million in 1970 to 20.4 million in the urban world.
What are the four processes that affect the populations of cities?
- Urbanisation
- Sub-urbanisation
- Counter-urbanisation
- Urban resurgance
What is urbanisation?
The growth in the proportion of people living in urban areas.
When does urbanisation occur?
Occurs because of migration (rural-urban) and natural increase.
Why do people migrate to cities?
For better quality of education, healthcare and better jobs.
Who do migrants in urbanisation tend to be?
Young adults
In developing countries, what may they face as a result of urbanisation?
Can result in shanty towns.
What are shanty towns?
Unplanned and illegal settlements made out of any material available.
What is suburbanisation?
The migration of people from city centres to the outskirts of cities.
Why does suburbanisation happen?
Urbanisation increases meaning city centres become overcrowded and people begin to desire more space. This leads to people moving to the suburbs when they have children or retire.
What happens as suburbanisation happens?
A pattern of wealthy and poorer areas develop as wealthy middle class people can move to the suburbs as there is a better quality of life and those left behind are poorer and may include immigrnats which may then lead to economic and ethnic segregation.
What is counter-urbanisation?
The movement of people out of the city to surronding villages and rural areas.
What are some reasons why counter-urbanisation happens?
Improvements in transport mean people can commute and better communications allow people to work from home. They may also move due to overcrowding and high property prices, as well as personal preferences.
What can counter-urbanisation lead to?
Can lead to new housing estates being built in rural areas and house prices may increase meaning that local people may not be able to afford to live there and it can change age structure of the area.
What is urban resurgance?
The movement of people back to the city centre.
Why may people move back to city centres?
A lack of jobs in rural areas and people may be attracted to new developments.
Where does urban resurgance happen?
Post industrial countries
What may happen when urban resurgance happens?
- New shops and services move back
- Boost in the economy
- More jobs created
What is a con of urban resurgance?
Original residents may not be able to afford to live in the area and may have to move away.
What is a megacity?
An area with over 10 million people living in it.
How many megacities were there in 1950 in comparison 2014 and then to those predicted to be in 2030?
1950:
- 2 world cities
2014:
- 28 world cities
2030 (predicted):
- 41 world cities
Why do megacities develop?
A result of rural to urban migration and natural increase.
