Urbanisation

Question 1

Definition

Answer 1

An increasing proportion of a countries population lives in towns and cities

Question 2

Mega cities

Answer 2

urban areas with the population of 10 million or above

Question 3

meta city

Answer 3

urban areas with the population of 20 million or above

Question 4

alpha ++

Answer 4

the most integrated and influential in the global economy, London, Tokyo and New York

Question 5

Urban growth

Answer 5

an increase in the number of urban dwellers

Question 6

Causes of urban growth

Answer 6

Higher levels of education, better health, better access of social services, and greater opportunities for cultural and political participation

Question 7

Natural population growth

Answer 7

Employment, school and culture. Higher paid jobs, cultural diversity.

Question 8

Rural to Urban migration

Answer 8

Population growth, agricultural problems, health issues, natural disasters, conflict, war and civil strife, employment, economic factors, social factors, a perceived better quality of life

Question 9

Consequences of urbanisation and urban growth

Answer 9

Problems with housing, traffic, waste disposal, crime and pollution. These are linked to topography climate.

Question 10

Urban sprawl

Answer 10

Spread of urban area and surrounding countryside

Question 11

Negative impacts

Answer 11

More roads and infrastructure, population rural areas, access to train/roads = commuting, increase air pollution as more car dependent, increase fossil fuel consumption, higher temperatures, loss of farmland, impact on water quality and quantity, decentralisation

Question 12

Shortage of housing in lower income countries

Answer 12

high levels of noise or water pollution, lack of health centres and schools limited access to water, electricity and waste disposal, informal settlements, Mumbai, Rio de Janeiro

Question 13

Dharavi, Mumbai, India

Answer 13

largest slam in Asia, sewer cause health problems, fishing village, constant supply of electricity, small scale manufacturing industries, domestic and international markets for trade, government plan to redevelop slam area one .1 billion

Question 14

Shortage of affordable housing in high income cities

Answer 14

Rising demand for accommodations, increase house prices and rental costs, house prices have rise by 70% over 9 years, gentrification, London

Question 15

Lack of urban services and waste disposal

Answer 15

Impermeable surfaces, traffic congestion, water pollution, lack of electricity, sewage treatment, 2015 5% of water reached informal settlements in New Delhi, waste disposal rapidly increases, dumped on streets and rivers – health hazard, landfill, recycling in Nairobi E.G.old car tires are cut up and used to make cheap sandals

Question 16

Unemployment and under employment

Answer 16

Unemployment rate is high, not doing work, migrants

Question 17

Transport issues

Answer 17

Increase traffic in cities, more congestion = pollution, damage to human health, wasting money, commuters, commercial industries, car boom of 1960s plan to build wider and more roads, plan didn’t work as attracted more cars than more words created

Question 18

Counter urbanisation

Answer 18

The movement of people from large areas into a small area or rural areas

Question 19

Decentralisation

Answer 19

The movement of population and industry from the urban Centre to outlying areas

Question 20

Deindustrialisation

Answer 20

The loss of jobs in the manufacturing sector

Question 21

Edge city

Answer 21

A self contained settlement which has emerged beyond the original city boundary and developed as a city in its own right

Question 22

Gentrification

Answer 22

Is the buying and renovating of properties often and more rundown areas by wealthier individuals?

Question 23

Suburbanisation

Answer 23

The movement of people from living in the inner parts of a city to living in the outer edges

Question 24

Urban resurgence

Answer 24

Refers to the regeneration both economic and structural of an urban area which has been through a period of decline

Question 25

Urban sprawl

Answer 25

Spread of an urban area into the surrounding countryside

Question 26

Suburbanisation characteristics causes an effects

Answer 26

Transport improved for commuters, transport allows wealthy commuters to live further away so can travel into the inner city, green belts – areas of open space and low density land, controlled developments, land can be used for car parking and expansion of industries, desire for a quieter and less congested and less polluted environment, chrome free environments, woodland parks and recreational areas

Question 27

Negative effects of sub urbanisation

Answer 27

Increasing social segregation – wealthy people, divergent of funding away from inner city to the suburbs for infrastructure and services

Question 28

Counter urbanisation characteristics causes and effects

Answer 28

Air pollution, dirt, crime, London house prices are cheaper, rising demand for second terms and earlier retirement, agriculture has faced economic difficulties, modern housing estates built, gentrified areas create conflict between newcomers and the locals affect local economy in lifestyle

Question 29

Impacts

Answer 29

An increase in the use of commuter railway stations, increased value in housing, construction built, farm land and farm buildings turned to resident homes,

Question 30

argument

Answer 30

outmigration of adults seek education and employment opportunities, decline of older village born population through deaths, in immigration of young to mid age married couples with young children, in migration of younger more affluent people increase his house prices

Question 31

Urban resurgence

Answer 31

The regeneration both economic and structural of an urban area which has been through a period of decline

Question 32

Birmingham

Answer 32

Jewellery Quarter in Birmingham, 1900s employed over 20,000 people injury making metal working hall marking, reduce demand, bombing of area, large scale improvements in 20th century, converted to loft style apartments in townhouses, 30 restaurants bars and cafés, Young businesses, attractive area

Question 33

New York

Answer 33

1.5 mile long section of rail track built for carrying goods from Manhattan, abandoned in 1980s, manufacturing decline, rede developed in 2000s as park and walkway, artists and cultural events 5 million and new visitors local shops and cafés real estate development, green space green rooms, drainage systems improved

Question 34

World cities

Answer 34

These cities which have great influence on a global scale because of their financial status and worldwide commercial power

Question 35

Characteristics of megacities and world cities

Answer 35

Globalisation and economic competition is due to rise, mass migration, financial investment, growth and resources and infrastructure,

Question 36

Characteristics of world city

Answer 36

Education, infrastructure, financial services, media and communications for global networks, major manufacturing centres, headquarters for multinational corporations, domination of trade and economy, decision-making and power

Question 37

CBD

Answer 37

Central business district

Question 38

PLVI

Answer 38

Peak land value intersection – the point with the highest land value and from her lamb prices decline in line with a distance decay

Question 39

New Urban landscapes

Answer 39

wide range of leisure facilities, availability of spaces, residential areas, green areas, out of town developments, in a city housing and manufacturing, business or science parks, industry, informal settlements

Question 40

Swindon