Urbanisation Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is urbanisation
The rise in the percentage of people living in Urban areas (towns and cities), in comparison with rural areas
Give two examples for Urban growth
- Rural to Urban migration
- Natural increases
What is rural to urban migration
- Moving to a remote country
- Less jobs in rural -> Move for better opportunities
Name some push factors of Rural to Urban migration
- Not enough jobs
- Lack of services
- Few opportunities
- Rural poverty
- Drought and flooding
Name some pull factors of Rural to Urban migration
- More jobs available
- Better services
- Better opportunities (e.g. education)
- Better housing
What is a natural increase
When the birth rate is higher than the death rate
- In London the number of children under 5 increased by 24% from 2010 to 2011
Issues in the developing Urban Areas
- Poor sanitation
- More informal housing
- Money leaves Urban to rural families
- High crime
- Skill shortages
- More food miles
Issues in the developed Urban Areas
- Housing shortages
- Overcrowding
- Energy demand
- Pressure on jobs
- Traffic congestion
- Pollution
- High population density
Planning solution for Housing
- Build 240,000 on green/brown filed land
- E.g. Great Park (2,500)
+ 1,500 jobs
+ Adjacent to A1 - good access
+ Potentially 27km of cycle tracks - Average cost is more than average wage
- Other Areas could be used (Byker. Scotswood)
- Traffic values will increase
Evaluation for housing
- Greenbelt is protected \+ Pressure on inner cities \+ Space on greenfield land (cheap) \+ More sustainable (greenfield) \+ Land is cheaper on the outside of the city \+ Stops loss of countryside - Costly to clean up brownfield land
Planning solution of Inner cities and government policy
- TWDC- improve areas making them more attractive
- West end city challenge - ( extension of Newcastle brewery, alarms for students)
Evaluation of Inner cities and government policy
TWDC- Improved quality of area and created jobs.
- 280 jobs.
- Students failing to achieve
Planning solution of traffic
- Scrappage schemes
- Increase number of lanes (A1)
- Congestion charges (Durham pay to entre)
- Metro, buses
Evaluation of traffic
- 30% decrease in amount of cars use in London
- Bikes encouraged people, not successful in winter
- Metro -> doesn’t pollute
- Bikes -> cheap, accessible, convenient
Planning solution of Revitalising the CBD
Pedestrians - restrict vehicles = good air quality
Shopping centres - Covered - People still shop
Quality of environment - Furniture, benches paving
Gentrifying - Building’s look nicer, historic feel e.g. Quayside
Regeneration - Flagship shopping centres (Gate, inTu Eldon square)
Evaluation of Revitalising the CBD
- More people shop in Eldon Square
- Quayside is for leisure
Ethnic segregation and multiculturalism planning solution
- Leaflets in other languages (included/ access services)
- Interpreters in hospitals etc.
- Services for different cultures (female doctors)
Ethnic segregation and multiculturalism Evaluation
Interpreters - Insures people aren’t segregated/ costly
Communication - No barriers in decision making/ encourages integration
Services - Costly/ difficult
English classes - Breaks barriers/ prevents racism/ stops need for interpreters
Sustainable Urban strategies
- Recycling water (toilet systems NCL UNI)
- Brownfield sites (Brings people to the area QUAYSIDE)
- Reducing use of fossil fuels (Qlink buses -> hybrid)
- Provide green space (MOOR, JESOMND)
- Conserving cultural/ historical environment (GREY STREET, brings tourist -> money)
How is bedZED in London sustainable?
- Recycled building materials
- Facing south (Solar panels)
- Using 300 mm insulation jackets on buildings
- Low energy lighting and appliances throughout
- Energy tracking metres (Kettle numbers)
- Roof gardens, rain water harvesting
- Green transport plan (Avoiding unsustainable things e.g. roads)
- ZEDcars Two people+ fast car lanes, reduce amount of cars
