Urbanisation

Question 1

What is urbanisation?

Answer 1

An increase in the proportion of people living in towns and cities.

Question 2

How much of the worlds population resided in urban areas in 2014?

Answer 2

54%

Question 3

How has the urban population of the world changed since 1950?

Answer 3

It has increased from 746 million in 1950 to 3.9 billion in 2014

Question 4

Which parts of the world are home to the greatest percentage of the urban population?

Answer 4

Asia - 53%, followed by Europe - 14%, then Latin America and Caribbean - 13%

Question 5

Where are the fastest growing urban agglomerations found?

Answer 5

Fastest growing urban areas are medium sized cities and cities with less than 1 million inhabitants located in Asia and Africa.

Question 6

What is suburbanisation?

Answer 6

The decentralisation of people, employment and services towards the edges of an urban area.

Question 7

What are the characteristics of sub urbanisation?

Answer 7

• ribbon developments
• private housing estates
• Private gardens
• railway lines

Question 8

Causes of sub urbanisation?

Answer 8

Caused by outward growth of urban developments which engulf surrounding area, people will want space, have better transport systems.

Question 9

Effects of suburbanisation

Answer 9

• urban sprawl
• funding away from inner city
• increased social segregation

Question 10

What is counter urbanisation?

Answer 10

Population movement from large urban areas to smaller urban settlements and rural areas.

Question 11

Characteristics of counter urbanisation?

Answer 11

• modern housing estates
• residential property
• greenfield developments
• built on open areas

Question 12

Causes of counter urbanisation?

Answer 12

Caused by people wanting to escape the busy, polluted crime hotspots in urban areas, house prices may be cheaper

Question 13

Effects of counter urbanisation?

Answer 13

Rural villages grow and become urbanised, increase in railway station use, farm buildings converted to residential property etc.

Question 14

What is urban resurgence?

Answer 14

The movement of people back into urban areas or the economic/structural regeneration of an urban area

Question 15

Characteristics of urban resurgence?

Answer 15

• major shopping developments
• historic buildings
• areas of business and commerce

Question 16

Causes of urban resurgence?

Answer 16

Caused by the decline in urban areas and not attracting enough people

Question 17

Effects of urban resurgence?

Answer 17

• makes the city more attractive
• hubs for modern industry
• can put pressure on services and infrastructure

Question 18

How has the service economy changed?

Answer 18

It has increased by about 12% in 19 years. This is due to:

• population growth
• need a larger range of specialist services due to technological advances
• cheaper to manufacture goods abroad

Question 19

Issues with the rise of the service economy?

Answer 19

• many of service jobs are part time or temporary
• inner city locations for the service businesses have been avoided, results in inner city decline
• the jobs created have not necessarily made up for loss of jobs from manufacturing

Question 20

What urban policies have been introduced since 1979?

Answer 20

• (1979 - 1991) Emphasis given to property led initiatives and creation of entrepreneurial culture e.g. enterprise zones, urban lands grants etc.
• (1991 - 1997) Partnership schemes and competition led policy e.g. city challenge, city pride etc.
• (1997 - 2000s) Area based initiatives, narrow gap between deprived areas and rest of country e.g. Regional Development Agencies (RDAs)

Question 21

What is deindustrialisation?

Answer 21

Refers to the loss of jobs in the manufacturing sector. It’s caused by:

• mechanisation: firms produce goods more cheaply by using machines
• greater competition from abroad e.g. Taiwan
• reduced demand for traditional products

Question 22

What is decentralisation?

Answer 22

When inner cities lack the suitable land for the expansion of existing companies. New investment goes to the edge of cities or rural areas. This is known as decentralisation.