URI Patho

Question 1

specifics of normal sputum

Answer 1

–mucus secreted by resp. tract
–traps particles that enter the bronchioles
–cilia help to move mucus and captured particles out

Question 2

symptoms of acute bronchitis

Answer 2

–begins as common cold
–sore throat
–nasal discharge (rhinorrhea)
–muscle aches
–persistent cough
–wheezing
–sputum production
–enlarged lymph nodes

Question 3

diagnosis of acute bronchitis

Answer 3

–symptomatic and physical assessment
–CBC

Question 4

treatment of acute bronchitis

Answer 4

–broad spectrum antibiotics
–expectorants
–cough suppressants

Question 5

risk of secondary pneumonia

Answer 5

deadly

Question 6

where are histamines stored?

Answer 6

stored in mast cells and basophils

Question 7

what can activated histamines cause?

Answer 7

–hives and itching
–dilation of blood vessels = erythema and hypotension
–bronchoconstriction
–affects sleep/wake cycles
–increase secretion of acid in stomach

Question 8

histamine reaction

Answer 8

causes majority of symptoms associated with allergic reactions

Question 9

allergic rhinitis symptoms

Answer 9

–sneezing
–rhinorrhea
–pruritis
–nasal congestion
–watery, itchy eyes

Question 10

what is allergic rhinitis triggered by?

Answer 10

allergens – bind to IgE antibodies on mast cells that release inflammatory mediators

Question 11

what are environmental triggers for allergic rhinitis?

Answer 11

–dust mites
–mold

Question 12

patho of acute sinusitis

Answer 12

–infection of facial sinuses and membranes of nose
–inflammation causes sinus cavity to become obstructed by fluid accumulation and edema, causing bacterial growth and infection

Question 13

etiology of acute sinusitis

Answer 13

–may accompany URI, nasal polyps, deviated septum, or allergic rxn

Question 14

duration of viral sinusitis

Answer 14

5-7 days

Question 15

duration of bacterial sinusitis

Answer 15

up to 4 weeks

Question 16

symptoms of acute sinusitis

Answer 16

–HA
–facial pain or pressure over sinus area
–nasal obstruction
–fatigue
–purulent nasal discharge
–ear pain
–dental pain
–cough
–decreased sense of smell
–sore throat

Question 17

treatment of acute sinusitis

Answer 17

–antibiotics
–decongestants
–antihistamines
–mucolytic agents

Question 18

why is sinusitis taken seriously by doctors?

Answer 18

d/t its proximity to the brain

Question 19

where does pharyngitis manifest?

Answer 19

–palate
–tonsils
–uvula

Question 20

bacterial pharyngitis

Answer 20

–swollen uvula
–whitish spots on tonsils
–red swollen tonsils
–throat redness
–gray furry tongue

Question 21

viral pharyngitis

Answer 21

–red swollen tonsils
–throat redness

Question 22

diagnosis of epiglottitis

Answer 22

–inspiratory stridor and retractions
–rapid onset of fever
–pain
–difficulty swallowing
–drooling

Question 23

what differentiates epiglottitis from croup?

Answer 23

absence of barking cough

Question 24

who is at risk for bronchospasms?

Answer 24

–ventilated patient
–post-anesthesia
–URI w/ anesthesia

Question 25

medications that help with bronchospasms

Answer 25

–bronchodilators
–inhaled steroids
–anticholinergics