Urinalysis

Question 1

What is the normal color of urine

Answer 1

pale to dark yellow, amber

Question 2

What is the normal specific gravity of urine

Answer 2

1.010 - 1.020

Question 3

Normal urine ph

Answer 3

6 - 7.4

Question 4

Normal trace about of protein in urine

Answer 4

<150mg/day

Question 5

Normal glucose in urine a day is

Answer 5

trace to <130mg/24hr

Question 6

Leukocyte esterase is positive in what

Answer 6

Infections

Question 7

Presence of nitrites in urine shows

Answer 7

positive shows presence of bacte- ria

Question 8

Presence of bilirubin in urine shows ?

Answer 8

present in liver diseases or com- mon bile duct obstruction

Question 9

Normal RBC hpf (high power field is ?

Answer 9

<2/hpf

Question 10

WBC hpf normal value is

Answer 10

2-5 hpf

Question 11

Hyaline cast normal hpf

Answer 11

0-5hpf

Question 12

Crystals are seen in urine when?

Answer 12

Occasional

Question 13

Urinary ph is helpful in diagnosing what?

Answer 13

pH levels are particularly useful in the evaluation of stones, infection, and renal tubular acidosis (RTA). For example, in a patient with neph- rolithiasis,

Question 14

Specific gravity is associated with what?

Answer 14

specific gravity is reflective of hydration status; however, it can be inaccurate.

Question 15

Low specific gravity is associated with what diseases

Answer 15

*impaired urinary concentrating ability (eg, diabetes insipidus, sickle cell nephropathy, acute tubular necrosis)

Question 16

Glucose in urine mean’s what

Answer 16

When blood glucose levels exceed approximately 180 mg/dL, the prox- imal tubules become overwhelmed and cannot reabsorb the excess glucose.Most commonly, this indicates diabetes mellitus .

Question 17

Ketone in urine indicates

Answer 17

Ketones in the urine are abnormal.

Question 18

Ketouria can be seen in what conditions

Answer 18

*uncontrolled diabetes,
*diabetic ketoacidosis,
*severe exercise,
*starvation,
*vomiting, and pregnancy.

Question 19

A positive leukocyte esterase test result indicates

Answer 19

Pyuria (pus in urine)indicates a UTI

Question 20

Race proteinuria is approximately 1+

Answer 20

1+ - Approximately 30 mg/dL

Question 21

Race protein 2+ is

Answer 21

2+ - Approximately 100 mg/dL

Question 22

Race protein 3+

Answer 22

3+ - Approximately 300 mg/dL

Question 23

Race protein 4 +

Answer 23

4+ - 1000 mg/dL or more

Question 24

Higher WBC hpf indicates

Answer 24

A high number of WBCs indicates infection, inflammation, or contamination

Question 25

Higher RBc hpf indicates

Answer 25

Microscopic hematuria which is defined as the presence of 3 RBCs/hpf or more in 2 of 3 urine samples

Question 26

Epithelial cells that maybe be found in urinary sediments is what normal value

Answer 26

Generally 15-20 squamous epithelial cells/hpf or more indicates that the urinary specimen is contaminated

Question 27

Red cell cast are diagnostic of what

Answer 27

diagnostic of glomerulonephritis or vasculitis

Question 28

White cell casts and pyuria is usually seen in what pathology

Answer 28

commonly seen with tubulointer- stitial nephritis and acute pyelo- nephritis. WBC casts are also seen with renal tuberculosis and vaginal infections

Question 29

“Muddy-brown” granular casts is seen in

Answer 29

diagnostic of acute tubular necro- sis.

Question 30

Waxy and broad casts is seen in

Answer 30

Seen advanced renal failure.

Question 31

Fatty casts and lipiduria, with the typical “maltese- cross” appear- ance on polarized microscopy indicates

Answer 31

nephrotic syndrome

Question 32

Large amounts of uric acid crys- tals (“diamond” or “barrel” shaped) indicate

Answer 32

seen in tumor lysis syndrome.