URINALYSIS

Question 1

Renal Blood Flow

Answer 1

Afferent arteriole —> Glomerulus —> Efferent arteriole —> Peritubular capillaries —-> Vasa Recta —-> Renal vein

Question 2

Which of the tubules is impermeable to water

Answer 2

Ascending Loop of Henle

Question 3

Glucose will appear in the urine if:

Answer 3

Renal threshold for glucose is exceeded (160-180 mg/dL)

Question 4

Renal tubular acidosis can be caused by the:

Answer 4

Inability to produce an acidic urine due to impaired production of ammonia

Question 5

Clearance tests used to determine the glomerular filtration rate must measure substances that are:

Answer 5

Neither reabsorbed or secreted by the tubules

Question 6

Osmolality is a measure of:

Answer 6

Dissolved particles, including ions

Question 7

Which of the following parameters are measured during the course of concentration and dilution test to assess renal tubular function?

Answer 7

Osmolality and SG

Question 8

Corrects renal blood flow by VASODILATION OF THE AFFERENT ARTERIOLES & CONSTRICTION OF THE EFFERENT ARTERIOLES

Answer 8

Angiotensin II

Question 9

Parameters of Cockcroft - Gault Formula: For estimated GFR

Answer 9

BAGS
Body weight in kg
Age
Gender/ Sex
Serum creatinine

Question 10

Modification of Diet in renal Disease (MDRD) Formula

Answer 10

RAGS
Race
Age
Gender
Serum creatinine

Question 11

Normal creatinine clearance:

Answer 11

120 mL/min

Men: 107-139 mL/min
Women: 87 - 107 mL/min

Question 12

Substances in Active Transport

Answer 12

GACS
Glucose, AA, Salts
Chloride
Sodium

Question 13

Substances in Passive transport

Answer 13

WUS

Water - PCT, DoH, CT
Urea
Sodium

Question 14

Greatest source of error in GF Clearance test

Answer 14

Improperly timed urine specimens

Question 15

Single marker that denotes renal failure

Answer 15

Creatinine

Question 16

MArker of renal tubular integrity

Answer 16

B2- MICROglobulin

Question 17

How many mL of urine is needed in drug testing?

Answer 17

30-45 mL in 60 mL container capacity

Question 18

Temperature of urine in drug testing? How long before you measure the urine in drug testing?

Answer 18

32.5 - 37.7 C

urine temp must be taken within 4 mins of collection

Question 19

___ hours contact time for the bacteria to turn nitrate to nitrite

Answer 19

4

Question 20

What tests would determine if the specimen is a urine

Answer 20

Urea and creatinine

Question 21

A cloudy specimen received in the laboratory may have been preserved using:

Answer 21

Refrigeration

Boric acid - strasinger

Question 22

For general screening, the most frequently collected specimen is:

Answer 22

Random urine

Question 23

If a px fails to discard the first specimen when collecting a timed specimen, the:

Answer 23

Specimen must be RECOLLECTED and results will FALSELY DEC

Question 24

Primary cause of unsatisfactory results in an unpreserved routine specimen not tested for 8 hours is:

Answer 24

Bacterial growth

Question 25

After receiving a 24 hour urine for quanti total protein analysis, what should u do

Answer 25

Measure the total volume

Question 26

Urine spx are thrown into biohazardous waste container: T or F

Answer 26

False

Question 27

When should u measure urobilinogen determination

Answer 27

2pm - 4pm

Question 28

Imparts an orange-brown color to urine that is not fresh

Answer 28

Urobilin

Question 29

Urine of px with diabetes mellitus

Answer 29

Colorless - pale yellow HIGH SG - due to glycosuria and polyuria

Question 30

Normal range of urine volume

Answer 30

Normal: 600 to 2000 mL average: 1200 to 1500 mL

Question 31

Color of urine when there is phenol poisoning

Answer 31

Brown Green - if oxidized to quinines

Question 32

Transparent, no visible particulates

Answer 32

CLEAR

Question 33

Few particulates, print easily seen through urine

Answer 33

Hazy

Question 34

Many particulates, print blurred through urine

Answer 34

Cloudy

Question 35

Print cannot be seen through urine

Answer 35

Turbid

Question 36

Urine: May precipitate or clot

Answer 36

Milky

Question 37

Possible cause of red urine in children

Answer 37

Fuscin and aniline dye

Question 38

Substance in urine that may be colorless due to LEAD POISONING

Answer 38

Porphyrin

Question 39

Hyposthenuria

Answer 39

<1.010

Question 40

SG of normal urine

Answer 40

1.002 - 1.035

Question 41

Isosthenuria

Answer 41

1.010 (SG of filtrate leaving the glomerulus) indicates loss of renal concentrating and diluting ability

Question 42

Hypersthenuria

Answer 42

>1.010

Question 43

Principle of reagent strip

Answer 43

pKa change of a polyelectrolyte

Question 44

Normal pH of urine

Answer 44

pH: 5.0 - 6.0

Question 45

Can be seen in acidic urine due to respiratory acidosis; lungs cannot exhale CO2

Answer 45

Emphysema

Question 46

Reagent strip of urine:

Answer 46

Double Indicator System

Question 47

Reagents in pH reagent strip:

Answer 47

Methyl red (acidic) Bromthymol blue (alkaline)

Question 48

Ammoniacal urine

Answer 48

Infection

Question 49

Normal odor of urine

Answer 49

Faint aromatic odor/ distinct or fragrant smell

Question 50

Fruity, sweet urine

Answer 50

Ketone (DM)

Question 51

Rotting fish

Answer 51

Trimethylaminuria

Question 52

Rancid butter

Answer 52

Tyrosyluria

Question 53

Sweaty feet

Answer 53

Isovaleric acidemia

Question 54

Mousy odor

Answer 54

phenylketonuria

Question 55

cabbage odor

Answer 55

methionine malabsorption

Question 56

Maple syrup odor

Answer 56

MSUD ( high leucine, isoleucine, valine in blood and urine)

Question 57

Bleach

Answer 57

contamination

Question 58

Odorless urine

Answer 58

Acute tubular necrosis

Question 59

Cystinuria

Answer 59

Rotten egg odor

Question 60

Hawkinsinuria

Answer 60

Swimming pool odor

Question 61

Conc. of a normal urine specimen can be estimated by:

Answer 61

Color

Question 62

A patient with uncontrolled DM will most likely have a urine that is

Answer 62

Pale w/ a high specific gravity

Question 63

Makes up the matrix of our urinary cast

Answer 63

Tamm-Horsfall protein