Urinalysis

Question 1

pH

Answer 1

Alkaline: UTI and Renal Disease

*Also alkaline 2 hours after eating

Question 2

Protein

Answer 2

+: Renal glomerular disease, CHF, multiple myeloma, pre-eclampsia, DM
False +: urine pH>8.5, standing

Question 3

Specific Gravity

Answer 3

Normal: 1.003-1.025
Low: DI, collagen disease, pyelonephritis, malnutrition
High: DM, presence of proteins, fats, xray dyes
No False +

Question 4

Glucose

Answer 4

+: DM, gestational diabetes, pancreatic dz, renal tubular dz, Cushing’s
False -: high vit C, cephalosporines, ketonuria
False+: Phenylketones

Question 5

Ketones

Answer 5

+: Diabetic ketoacidosis, fever, fasting, vomiting/diarrhea
False-: old urine
False+: phenylketones, levodopa metabolytes

Question 6

Blood/ Hemoglobin

Answer 6

\+: UTI, renal disease, bladder CA, kidney stones, coagulation, CHF, HTN 
Intact RBC: speckled
Ruptured RBC: solid color
False-: high vitamin C
False+: Myoglobinuria

Question 7

Bilirubin

Answer 7

+: degradation of hemoglobin; hepatocellular dz, post-hepatic obstructive jaundice
False-: high vitamin C, prolonged exposure to light
False+: pyridium chlorpromazine

Question 8

Urobilinogen

Answer 8

+: hemolytic anemia, hepatocellular dz, CHF, hepatitis, bowel obstruction
False-: prolonged light exposure, formaldehyde, antibiotics
False+: Phenylpyridine, PABA, azo dyes

Question 9

Nitrites

Answer 9

+: UTI with bacteria converting nitrate to nitrite (E coli, enterobacter, pseudomonas)
False-: High vitamin C, high specific gravity, nitrate diets, urine in bladder >4 hours
False+: bacerial growth in old urine sample, pyridium, pigment from beets

Question 10

WBC/ Leukocytes

Answer 10

+: infection or irritation of urinary tract, kidney stones

False+: High vitamin C, trichomonas, heavy mucus, vaginal contamination

Question 11

Pale

Answer 11

Dilute urine due to DM, DI, diuresis

Question 12

Red

Answer 12

Blood, myoglobin, hemoglobin, porphyrinuria, beets

Question 13

BrownBlack

Answer 13

blood, alkaptonuria, melanoma, Flagyl

Question 14

Deep Amber

Answer 14

Hepatitis

Question 15

Yellow/Green

Answer 15

Biliverdin

Question 16

Orange

Answer 16

Pyridium

Question 17

Blue/Blue green

Answer 17

methylene blue, drugs

Question 18

Bright yellow

Answer 18

Riboflavin

Question 19

Amount needed for UA

Answer 19

10-12mL

Question 20

Time frame

Answer 20

1 hour room temp, 4-6 refrigerated