Urinalysis

Question 1

Patient presents with a 🐝 sting and sever edema (an indication of nephrotic syndrome)
What would you expect to find in the urine

Answer 1

Protein

Question 2

Patient has been in the office on a few occasions and on each occasion the UA results show a S.G. of 1.010
What does this indicate or how is it significant

Answer 2

Renal failure

Question 3

Which test evaluates the ability of the kidneys to concentrate the urine

Answer 3

Specific gravity

Question 4

Your patient is an alcoholic, their UA - dark yellow, increase bilirubin, increased tyrosine
What do you suspect

Answer 4

Liver disease

Question 5

If your patient has microhematuria what findings might you expect to see on the UA

Answer 5

Occult blood, RBCs, and yellow colored urine

Question 6

You take a lateral lumbar film on your patient who has a renal calculi
Where do you expect to find the stone

Answer 6

Overlying the vertebral body

Question 7

The UA you took on a patient was left at room temp

What might you expect to find present

Answer 7

RBC lysis

Question 8

What do RBC casts indicate

Answer 8

Glomerular nephritis

Question 9

What is the primary indicator of renal disease

Answer 9

Proteinuria

Question 10

Patient presents with left arm pain, there is an occolt blood present
What do you expect to find in the urine

Answer 10

Myoglobinuria

Question 11

Patients UA shows yellow color urine which is hazy, pH of 6, frequent epithelial cells, +2 bacteria
What is your diagnosis

Answer 11

Vaginal contamination

Question 12

Patient has pain on urination, increased bacteria, cloudy urine, 30-40 WBCs
What is your diagnosis

Answer 12

Cystitis

Question 13

6 year old patient with smokey colored urine, +2 proteins, 3 RBC casts, and occult blood
What is your diagnosis

Answer 13

Glomerulonephritis

Question 14

40 year old male patient with pH of 6, 1.5 urobilinogen, greenish brown colored urine, patient complains of right upper quadrant pain
What is your diagnosis

Answer 14

Liver disfunction

Question 15

What is the confirmatory test for protein

Answer 15

SSA

Question 16

Orthostatic Proteinuria indicates normal urine when — and Proteinuria when — and may be associated with —

Answer 16

Supine, standing, hyper lordosis

Question 17

Flank pain might be associated with what color urine

Answer 17

Smokey

Question 18

Right upper quadrant pain might be associated with — problems and urine colored —

Answer 18

Liver, brownish green

Question 19

Isothenuria is indicated with what measurement and indicates what

Answer 19

Specific gravity of 1.010, end stage renal failure

Question 20

What does an SSA study confirm

Answer 20

Proteinuria

Question 21

Where are casts formed

Answer 21

Renal tubules

Question 22

Excess glucose in the urine may indicate

Answer 22

Diabetes

Question 23

Increased RBCs and change in color indicate what

Answer 23

Hematuria

Question 24

Increased RBCs and no change in color indicate what

Answer 24

Microhematuria

Question 25

Increased WBCs and burning upon urination indicate what

Answer 25

Lower UTI

Question 26

What is the normal range for specific gravity

Answer 26

1.015-1.035

Question 27

A fruity or sweet odor to urine may indicate what

Answer 27

Diabetes mellitus

Question 28

A foul or fishy smelling urine may indicate what

Answer 28

UTI

Question 29

A feces odor to urine may indicate what

Answer 29

Asparagus, enterobladder fistula

Question 30

What is the normal pH range for urine

Answer 30

4.5-7.5

Question 31

What is the normal pH range for blood

Answer 31

7.35-7.45

Question 32

A patient presents with pH of 5, +2 sugar and smoke ketones | What might the diagnosis be

Answer 32

Diabetic acidosis

Question 33

A patient presents with a pH of 5 but everything else is within the normal ranges and the patient has emphysema What might be the diagnosis

Answer 33

Respiratory acidosis

Question 34

What stones are most likely to form in acidic urine

Answer 34

Xanthine, cysteine, uric acid

Question 35

What stones are most likely to form in alkaline urine

Answer 35

Calcium carbonate, calcium and magnesium, magnesium phosphate stones

Question 36

A diet high in what promotes alkaline pH in the urine

Answer 36

A diet high in veggies and citrus fruits

Question 37

A diet high in what promotes acidic pH in urine

Answer 37

Meats and cranberries

Question 38

In diabetic patients ketonuria suggests what

Answer 38

Uncontrolled disease

Question 39

How much of hematuria in children is idiopathic

Answer 39

1/3

Question 40

Protein in the urine suggest what type of urinary tract infection

Answer 40

Upper UTI

Question 41

Is urolithiasis more common in males or females

Answer 41

Males

Question 42

Pain starting in the kidney and radiAting in the abdomen genetailia and legs may be indicative of what

Answer 42

Renal calculi

Question 43

Which amino acids present in the urine may indicate sever liver disease

Answer 43

Tyrosine, leusine,cytosine

Question 44

When the report does not indicate what type epithelial cells was found what type is generally assumed

Answer 44

Squamous

Question 45

Renal epithelial cells present in the urine may indicate what

Answer 45

Kidney disease

Question 46

If bacteria and epithelial cells are present without any other findings indicating infection (no WBCs mucous or nitrates) What may be indicated

Answer 46

Contamination (especially vaginal)

Question 47

RBC blood casts come from what

Answer 47

Upper urinary tract bleeding

Question 48

WBC blood casts come from what

Answer 48

Upper UTI (pyelonephritis)

Question 49

A very low specific gravity to the urine may indicate what

Answer 49

The kidney is not functioning properly

Question 50

Pyelonephritis is an infection of what part of the kidney

Answer 50

The interstitum

Question 51

A milky coloring of the urine may indicate what

Answer 51

Hyperlipidemia

Question 52

Proteins are usually present with what type of UTI

Answer 52

Upper UTI

Question 53

Pubic pain is usually present with what type of UTI

Answer 53

Lower UTI

Question 54

Casts are not usually present with what type of UTI

Answer 54

Lower UTI

Question 55

Flank pain is usually associated with what type of UTI

Answer 55

Upper UTI

Question 56

Lower back pain is usually associated with what type of UTI

Answer 56

Lower UTI

Question 57

Glitter cells might indicate what

Answer 57

UTI

Question 58

Waxy, broad, and fatty casts might indicate what

Answer 58

Chronic renal failure

Question 59

WBC casts are indicative of

Answer 59

Pyelonephritis

Question 60

Red and dark brown urine

Answer 60

Blood (high Hgb) | Menses, UTI, malignancy, prostate

Question 61

Smokey, red, pink, brown urine

Answer 61

Blood | Yellow urine with red blood

Question 62

Red or pink urine

Answer 62

Beets | Diet can effect color

Question 63

Orange urine

Answer 63

Concentrated urine | Dehydration, fever, vomiting...

Question 64

Bright yellow urine

Answer 64

Excessive vitamins

Question 65

Black urine

Answer 65

Alkaptonuria, melanin

Question 66

Colorless urine

Answer 66

DI, over hydration, low specific gravity | DI= low pituitary ADH

Question 67

Brownish yellow green urine

Answer 67

Check bilirubin and urobilinogen | Liver disease

Question 68

Milky urine

Answer 68

Risk factor for heart disease | Hyperlipidemia

Question 69

Slightly hazy urine

Answer 69

Usually normal - ? Sediment

Question 70

Cloudy urine

Answer 70

Insignificant if with crystals | May = pus, bacteria, RBCs, sperm

Question 71

Hazy, cloudy urine

Answer 71

Infection

Question 72

Frothy urine

Answer 72

Protein

Question 73

Acidic #

Question 74

Acidic urine disease processes

Answer 74

Respiratory acidosis-emphysema Metabolic acidosis-sugars, diabetic ketoacidosis Diabetic mellitus

Question 75

Basic/alkaline #

Answer 75

>7 | Diet high in citrus fruit and veggie

Question 76

Basic/alkaline urine disease processes

Answer 76

Respiratory alkalosis-hyperventilation | Metabolic alkalosis

Question 77

Protein +4 disease process

Answer 77

Nephrotic syndrome