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Urinalysis Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

What would you look for on low magnification (10x)?

A
  1. Crystals
  2. Casts
  3. Epithelial cells
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2
Q

What would you look for on high magnification (40x)?

A
  1. RBC
  2. WBC
  3. Crystals
  4. Bacteria
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3
Q

A normal urinalysis consists of less than ____ RBCs / 40x field.

A

5

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4
Q

A normal urinarlysis consists of less than ____ WBCs / 40x field.

A

5

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5
Q

True or False: RBC count will be higher in cystocentesis than free catch cystocentesis.

A

TRUE

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6
Q

True or False: WBC count will be higher in cystocentesis than free catch urinalysis.

A

FALSE: WBC higher in free catch urine.

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7
Q

Crystal formation in the urine is dependent on what 4 factors?

A
  1. pH
  2. Concentration
  3. Solutes
  4. Diet
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8
Q

What pH urine are struvite crystals found in?

A

Alkaline

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9
Q

What pH urine are calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals found in?

A

Acidic

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10
Q

Can struvite crystals be present in normal urine?

A

Yes

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11
Q

Can calcium oxalate dihydrate crystals be present in normal urine?

A

Yes

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12
Q

Which type of crystals are normal in horses and rabbits?

A

Calcium carbonate (if these are not present, THAT is pathogenic)

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13
Q

In what 2 conditions might you see bilirubin crystals?

A
  1. Hematuria

2. Bilirubinuria

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14
Q

When would you see calcium oxalate monohydrate crystals?

A

Ethylene glycol toxicosis

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15
Q

What is the chemical composition of “thorn apple” crystals?

A

Ammonium biurate

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16
Q

In which 2 species are ammonium biurate crystals normal?

A
  1. Dalmatians

2. Bulldogs

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17
Q

What 3 crystal types suggest liver failure certain breeds of dogs?

A
  1. Ammonium biurate
  2. Urate
  3. Tryosine
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18
Q

In which breeds would you expect to find cystine crystals?

A
  1. Rottweiler
  2. Dachshund
  3. Newfoundland
  4. Bulldog
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19
Q

Would you expect cystine crystals more in females or males?

A

Males

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20
Q

If you have a waxy cast, what is your concern?

A

End-stage renal failure

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21
Q

If you see leukocyte casts, what is your top differential?

A

Pyelonephritis

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22
Q

If you see erythrocyte casts, what is your top differential?

A

Coagulopathy

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23
Q

What type of drugs cause urinary crystals?

A
  1. Sulfa drugs
  2. Penicillins/beta lactams
  3. Fluoroquinolones
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24
Q

Which fungi is most commonly seen in the urinary bladder?

A

Candida

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25
What is the kidney worm of the dog?
Dioctophyma
26
What is the kidney worm of the pig?
Stephanurus
27
What is the urinary bladder worm of the dog and cat?
Capillaria
28
Which of the following is sterile: cystocentesis, catheterization, free catch?
1. Cystocentesis | 2. Catheterization
29
When would you want to collect urine to best assess concentrating ability?
Early morning
30
When would you want to collect urine to best assess mineral excretion?
Postprandial (3-6 hours)
31
When would you want to collect urine to best assess glucose excretion?
Postprandial (3-6 hours)
32
When would you want to collect urine to best assess crystalluria?
Postprandial (3-6 hours)
33
Red urine
1. RBCs 2. Free hemoglobin 3. Free myoglobin
34
Red/brown urine
1. Rbcs 2. Free hemoglobin 3. Free myoglobin 4. Horse = catecholamines
35
Brown/black urine
Methemoglobin
36
Yellow/orange urine
Bilirubin
37
Yellow/green urine
Bilirubin and biliverdin
38
Fluorescent
1. Antifreeze | 2. Porphyrins
39
Urine is normally transparent, with the exception of which species?
1. Horses | 2. Rabbits
40
Turbid urine is due to what?
Increased formed elements in the urine
41
What are formed elements?
1. Bacteria 2. Lipid 3. RBC 4. WBC 5. Epithelial cells 6. Debris 7. Crystals
42
Smell of urine: Ammonia
Bacterial cystitis
43
Smell of urine: Ketotic
Ketoacidosis
44
Smell of urine: Uremic
Renal failure
45
What 3 soluble elements artificially elevate USG?
1. Glucosuria 2. Hetastarch 3. Proteinuria
46
What is the isosthenuric range?
1.007 - 1.013
47
What does isosthenuric urine suggest?
There is NO concentrating or diluting capacity
48
What does hyposthenuric urine suggest?
There is still tubular function present
49
What condition is commonly associated with hyposthenuria?
Diabetes insipidus
50
What is the normal pH of a carnivore's urine?
6 - 7
51
What is the normal pH of a herbivore's urine?
7.5 - 8.5
52
Exposure of urine to air increases, decreases, or does nothing to the pH of the urine?
Increases
53
What is the glucose reabsorption threshold in the dog, cat, horse, and cow?
Cat = 300 Dog = 200 Horse = 150 Cow = 100
54
What 3 conditions cause hyperglycemic glucosuria?
1. Diabetes mellitus 2. Catecholamines 3. Hypercortisolemia
55
Would urine glucose be increased or decreased with proximal tubular damage?
Neither, euglycemic glucosuria
56
Would urine glucose be increased or decreased with a congenital tubular defect like fanconi syndrome?
Neither, euglycemic glucosuria
57
Which ketones are detected via urine dipstick?
1. Acetone | 2. Acetoacetate
58
Which ketones are NOT detected via urine dipstick?
Beta-hydroxybutyrate
59
What does a ketonuria suggest?
Negative energy balance
60
Which urine value is inaccurate when the urine is either pigmented or sits out too long in the light?
Bilirubin
61
What does bilirubinuria suggest?
Hyperbilirubinemia
62
What does hemaglobinuria suggest?
Hemolysis
63
What does myoglobinuria suggest?
Muscle damage

Cytology (1 decks)

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