Urinalysis

Question 1

which urine is the most concentrated?

Answer 1

the morning

Question 2

which urine type is best to avoid contamination

Answer 2

catherized and suprapubic aspiration

Question 3

what happens to the pH when urine is older then 2 hours?

Answer 3

pH elevates (becomes more alkaline)

Question 4

what happens to the glucose when urine is older then 2 hours?

Answer 4

decreases (consommation by bacteria)

Question 5

What is the principle of the pH test?

Answer 5

double indicator

Question 6

What is the principle of the protéine test?

Answer 6

indicator d’erreur

Question 7

What is the principle of the glucose test?

Answer 7

oxidase/peroxidase

Question 8

What is the principle of the cetones test?

Answer 8

sodium nitroprusside

Question 9

What is the principle of the blood test?

Answer 9

pseudoperoxidase, activity of hgb

Question 10

What is the principle of the bilirubin test?

Answer 10

diazo reaction

Question 11

What is the principle of the urobilinogen test?

Answer 11

ehrlich aldehyde reaction or diazo reaction

Question 12

What is the principle of the nitrite test?

Answer 12

Greiss reaction

Question 13

What is the principle of the leucocyte test?

Answer 13

leuco esterase

Question 14

What is the principle of the specific gravity test?

Answer 14

pKa change of polyelectrolyte

Question 15

what does it mean to have protein in the urine?

Answer 15

possible renal disease

Question 16

What happens if you dont remove the excess urine on strip?

Answer 16

runover of chemicals to other pads

Question 17

What happens if you leave the strips too long in the urine?

Answer 17

false negative reaction

Question 18

what can cause a false positive for specific gravity?

Answer 18

protein

Question 19

what type of alb is measured in urine?

Answer 19

microalbumine

Question 20

Clinitest method

Answer 20

copper reduction

Question 21

test to mesure bence jones?

Answer 21

SSA sulfosalicylic acid

Question 22

test to mesure ketones

Answer 22

acetest

Question 23

What is the acetest method

Answer 23

sodium nitroprusside reaction

Question 24

test to mesure bilirubine

Answer 24

ictotest

Question 25

ictotest method

Answer 25

diazo

Question 26

if the substance is + glucose reagent strip and + clinitest what is it?

Answer 26

glucose

Question 27

if the substance is - glucose reagent strip and + clinitest what is it?

Answer 27

non-glucose reducing substance

Question 28

glitter cell (paillettes) =

Answer 28

WBC with brownian movement of granules

Question 29

which amorphous is in acid urine?

Answer 29

urate

Question 30

which amorphous is in alcalose urine?

Answer 30

phosphate

Question 31

Uric acid is found in which ph?

Answer 31

acide

Question 32

calcium oxalate is found in which ph?

Answer 32

acide

Question 33

Which crystal we can use a polarized light?

Answer 33

uric crystals

Question 34

which crystals are birefringent?

Answer 34

uric crystals and cholesterol

Question 35

which amorphous is pink?

Answer 35

urates

Question 36

which amorphous is white?

Answer 36

phosphate

Question 37

which forms can oxalate take?

Answer 37

enveloppe. dumbell and ovoid

Question 38

which crystals looks like rosettes?

Answer 38

calcium phosphate

Question 39

how to differentiate calcium oxalate and calcium carbonate when if they are both dumbell shape?

Answer 39

oxalate in acide urine and carbonate in alkaline urine

Question 40

name crystals in alkaline urine?

Answer 40

amourphous phosphate, triple phosphate, ammonium biurate, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate

Question 41

name of crystals in acide urine?

Answer 41

amorphous urates, uric acid, calcium oxalate, leucine, tyrosine, cystine

Question 42

Which crystal can be seen in cystinuria?

Answer 42

cystine

Question 43

which crystals can be seen in severe liver disease?

Answer 43

leucine and tyrosine

Question 44

which crystals can be seen in nephrotic syndrome?

Answer 44

cholesterol

Question 45

which protein is in hyalin?

Answer 45

tamm-horsefall

Question 46

which form of cast is known to be the most advanced? the worst to have?

Answer 46

waxy

Question 47

What form of yeast can you find in urine?

Answer 47

bud or pseudohyphae

Question 48

how to you differentiate RBC and yeast?

Answer 48

add 2% acetic acid , RBC will lyse and yeast will be left

Question 49

What resembles a WBC but has a flagella and moves in a jerky way?

Answer 49

trichomonas (parasite) common in females

Question 50

What is the significance of mucus?

Answer 50

none

Question 51

what cause a acute glomerulonephritis?

Answer 51

inflammation/dommage of the glomérule

Question 52

what cause a nephrotic syndrome?

Answer 52

augmentation perméabilité gomulaire

Question 53

what cause a pyelonephritis?

Answer 53

infection des reins

Question 54

what cause a cystitis?

Answer 54

infection du vessie

Question 55

what can you find in a acute glomerulonephritis urine?

Answer 55

RBC, WBC and rbc cast

Question 56

what can you find in a nephrotic syndrome urine?

Answer 56

all kinds of cast and oval fat bodies

Question 57

what can you find in a pyelonephritis urine?

Answer 57

WBC, WBC cast and bacteria

Question 58

what can you find in a cystitis urine?

Answer 58

no cast, WBC, bacteria, RBC

Question 59

which untreated bacteria can cause acute glomerulonephritis?

Answer 59

group A strep can cause inflammation/dommage to the glomérule

Question 60

protéine dans l'urine indique quoi?

Answer 60

maladie rénale

Question 61

what should you verify in the urine if the protein strip is positive?

Answer 61

cast

Question 62

What does bilirubin in urine mean?

Answer 62

hepatique or obstruction disorder

Question 63

protéine et glucose dans l'urine indique quoi?

Answer 63

dommage des reins du au diabète mellitus