Urinalysis Final Exam

Question 1

Break down the word glomerulonephritis

Answer 1

Glomerul(o)- the glomerulus
Nephr(o)- kidney
-itis- inflammation

Question 2

What test results indicate Glomerulonephritis
Colour & clarity

Answer 2

May indicate macroscopic hematuria

Question 3

What test results indicate Glomerulonephritis
Red blood cells

Answer 3

Moderate to large

Question 4

What test results indicate Glomerulonephritis
White blood cells

Answer 4

Moderate

Question 5

What test results indicate Glomerulonephritis
Cast types

Answer 5

Red blood cell casts
Granular and hyaline casts may also be observed

Question 6

What test results indicate Glomerulonephritis
Protein

Answer 6

Moderate

Question 7

What test results indicate Glomerulonephritis
Urine output

Answer 7

Oliguria

Question 8

Nephrotic syndrome clinical features that can occur simultaneously

Answer 8

Heavy proteinuria
Hypoproteinemia
Hypertpidemia
Marke edema on legs & face
Lipiduria

Question 9

What test results indicate Nephrotic Syndrome
Protein

Answer 9

Heavy

Question 10

What test results indicate Nephrotic Syndrome
Lipids

Answer 10

Free floating fat globules
Renal tubular epithelial cells/macrophage oval fat bodies in fatty casts

Question 11

What test results indicate Nephrotic Syndrome
Cast types

Answer 11

Fatty casts
Waxy casts
Hyaline casts

Question 12

How does tubular necrosis effect the body

Answer 12

Causes:
Sepsis
Shock
Trauma

Question 13

Toxic causes of acute tubular necrosis

Answer 13

Drugs
Toxins

Question 14

What is acute tubular necrosis

Answer 14

Rapid destruction of renal tubular epithelial cells and suppression of rend tubular functions

Question 15

What test results indicate Acute Tubular Necrosis

Answer 15

Renal tubular epithelial cells
Renal tubular epithelial cell casts
Granular, waxy and broad casts in seven casts

Question 16

Pyelonephritis word break down

Answer 16

Pyell(o)- pelvis
Nephr(o)- nephron
-Itis- inflammation

Question 17

What test results would indicate Acute Pyelonephritis
White blood cells

Answer 17

Often in clumps, macrophages

Question 18

What test results would indicate Acute Pyelonephritis
Bacteria

Answer 18

Present

Question 19

What test results would indicate Acute Pyelonephritis
__________ epithelial cells

Answer 19

Renal tubular

Question 20

What test results would indicate Acute Pyelonephritis
Casts

Answer 20

White blood cell casts

Granular , Renal tubular epithelial cells, and waxy casts may be seen

Question 21

What test results would indicate Chronic Pyelonephritis
Bacteria

Answer 21

Not present

Question 22

What test results would indicate Chronic Pyelonephritis
White blood cells

Answer 22

Macrophages

Question 23

What test results would indicate Chronic Pyelonephritis
Cast types

Answer 23

Granular, waxy and broad casts

Few WBC or renal tubular epithelial cell casts

Question 24

Acute Renal failure means

Answer 24

Sudden decrease in glomerular filtration rate caused by:
- prerenal: reduction in kidney blood supply
- renal: secondary to pre-existing primary renal disease
- post-renal: obstruction of urine flow

Question 25

Chronic Renal failure means

Answer 25

Permanent and progressive reduction of renal function

Question 26

What test results would indicate Acute Renal Failure

Answer 26

WBC
RBC
Renal tubular epithelial cells
Casts Renal tubular epithelial and granular

Question 27

What test results would indicate Chronic Renal Failure

Answer 27

Isothenuria
Protein-moderate
RBC & WBC
All types of casts especially waxy & broad

Question 28

What test results would indicate lower urinary tract infection

Answer 28

WBC
Bacteria
Transitional epithelial cells
Protein- low to none
RBC- low
No casts

Question 29

What causes the body damage with glomerulonephritis

Answer 29

The antigen-antibody complexes that form in reaction to infectious agents (bacteria, viruses, paracites)
Body gets infection
Creates antibodies for the infection
Antibodies bind e create large, complex structures
Structures damage glomeruli & kidneys as they try to filter out thecomplexes