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Anaphy > Urinary > Flashcards

Urinary Flashcards

1
Q

This is the blood vessel through which blood leaves the glomerulus.

A

Efferent Arteriole

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2
Q

The ascending limb of the loop of Henle is impermeable to which molecule

A

Water

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3
Q

What happens to the urine if there is increased concentration of solutes in the extracellular body fluid?

A

Decreased volume and concentrated

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4
Q

ANP is released by the

A

Heart

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5
Q

gross anatomy of the kidneys?

A

The kidneys are bean-shaped and almost the same size as that of a fist; right kidney is lower than the left due to liver; retroperitoneal; 1 pair

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6
Q

Each kidney is directly enclosed a connective tissue sheet called

A

Renal capsule

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7
Q

This is the part of the kidney where the blood vessels and nerves supplying the kidneys enter and exit

A

Renal hilum

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8
Q

The thicker inner layer of the kidneys is known as

A

Renal medulla

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9
Q

Which vitamin is converted to its active form in the kidneys

A

D

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10
Q

Which of the following is the structural and functional unit of the kidney?

A

Nephron

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11
Q

Which type of nephron is found in the cortex?

A

Cortical

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12
Q

This is a funnel-shaped structure that surrounds the tip of each renal pyramid

A

Renal calyx

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13
Q

Which is known as a tuft of capillaries found in the nephron that plays a role in the process of filtration?

A

Glomerulus

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14
Q

This the enlarged end of the nephron that serves as a double-walled chamber for receiving the filtrate

A

Bowman’s capsule

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15
Q

filtration membrane in the kidneys?

A

Glomerular capillary endothelium
Podocytes
Basement membrane

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16
Q

Renin is secreted by the

A

Juxtaglomerular cells

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17
Q

This group of cells is situated between the afferent and efferent arterioles that detects changes in the sodium levels

A

Macula densa

18
Q

This process in urine formation refers to the movement of solutes across the wall of the nephron into the interstitial fluid by various transport processes

A

Tubular reabsorption

19
Q

The driving force of the process of filtration in the kidneys

A

Systemic blood pressure

20
Q

product of filtration

A

180 L of filtrate is produced per day, only 1% of which will be excreted as urine

21
Q

How many percent of the cardiac output has to go to the kidneys for filtration?

A

21%

22
Q

Which of the following pressures in the glomerulus are exerted by the proteins in the blood?

A

Colloid osmotic pressure

23
Q

Pressure in the Bowman capsule

A

Capsular pressure

24
Q

TRUE about the filtration pressure?

A

Glomerular capillary pressure should exceed the sum of the Colloid osmotic pressure and Capsular pressure in order for filtration to take place.

25
Q

Which of the following events would stimulate the activation of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone Mechanism?

A

Decreased blood pressure

26
Q

type of receptors are found in the bladder wall

A

Sensory stretch receptors

27
Q

major force that causes fluid to move from the glomerular capillary across the filtration membrane?

A

Glomerular capillary Pressure

28
Q

The primary site for reabsorption of water and solutes is the

A

Proximal convoluted tubule

29
Q

Aldosterone acts on which part of the renal tubules

A

DCT & Collecting duct

30
Q

What happens to the urine if there is decreased concentration of solutes in the extracellular body fluid?

A

Increased volume and diluted

31
Q

The process in urine formation where excess ions, unwanted substances and toxins are up for elimination in the collecting ducts is called

A

Tubular Secretion

32
Q

Which enzyme converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II?

A

Angiotensin-converting enzyme

33
Q

What stimulates the activation of the Antidiuretic Hormone Mechanism?

A

High blood solute concentration

34
Q

What happens when ADH is released?

A

DCT & Collecting tubules become highly permeable to water

35
Q

What is the overall effect if ANP is released into the circulation?

A

Decreased blood volume and blood pressure

36
Q

Ureter

A

transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder

37
Q

renal Calyx

A

Funnel-shaped chamber at the tip of the papilla

38
Q

Juxtaglomerular apparatus

A

renin

39
Q

Vasa recta

A

vessel that extend deep into the medulla and surrounds the loop and collecting ducts

40
Q

Macula densa

A

detects changes in the sodium levels of the blood that enters the glomerulus

41
Q

Angiotensin-converting enzyme

A

conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II

Anaphy (7 decks)

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