Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MT 13 PART 2 > URINARY > Flashcards

URINARY Flashcards

(57 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is the primary function of the urinary system?

A

The urinary system filters blood to create urine.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How many kidneys does a person have?

A

There are 2 kidneys for each person.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What do other organs in the urinary system do?

A

They provide temporary storage for urine or serve as transportation channels to carry it from the kidneys to the outside of the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is located on top of the kidneys?

A

The adrenal glands.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why must the kidneys have an appropriate blood supply?

A

To filter blood effectively.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What waste products do the kidneys help eliminate?

A

Uric acid, urea, and other waste products.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

It delivers urine created by the kidney into the bladder.

A

ureter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

It temporarily stores urine until it goes out of the urethra.

A

urinary bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

It delivers urine to the outside of the body.

A

urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the size of a kidney?

A

About the size of a large bar of soap.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the three protective layers of the kidneys?

A

Fibrous Capsule, Perirenal Fat Capsule, and Renal Fascia.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The outer region of the kidney.

A

renal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The region deep to the cortex that contains renal pyramids.

A

renal medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Funnel shaped tube that is continuous with the ureter.

A

renal pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Extensions of the renal pelvis that collect urine from the renal pyramids.

A

calyces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the flow of urine from the kidneys?

A

Urine created from the medulla → calyces → renal pelvis → ureter → bladder.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What percentage of blood supply passes through the kidneys each minute?

A

Approximately 25%.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What supplies the kidneys with oxygenated and nutrient-rich blood?

A

The renal artery.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

A knot of capillaries where filtration occurs.

A

glomerulus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

A hollow structure that encloses the glomerulus and captures the filtrate.

A

Bowman’s Capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Cells in the inner layer of Bowman’s capsule that help in filtration.

A

podocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Openings between podocytes that allow for the creation of a porous membrane ideal for filtration.

A

filtration slits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are nephrons?

Study These Flashcards
A

The structural and functional units of each kidney

24
Q

What are the two main structures of a nephron?

Study These Flashcards
A

Renal Corpuscle and Renal Tubule.

25
It consists of the glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule, where filtration occurs.
renal corpuscle
26
What does the renal tubule do?
It acts as a tube system for urine delivery.
27
What is the flow of urine through the nephron?
Glomerulus → Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT) → Loop of Henle → Distal Convoluted Tubule → Collecting Duct.
28
What’s the shape of renal pelvis?
funnel-shaped
29
Nephrons is for?
responsible for forming urine
30
What is the renal tubule?
The renal tubule helps in the delivery of urine and acts as a tube system.
31
What is the structure of the renal tubule?
The renal tubule extends from the glomerulus, coils and twists to form a hairpin loop, and then coils again before entering the collecting duct.
32
What is the function of the collecting duct?
The collecting duct runs downwards to the medullary pyramids and delivers the final urine product into the calyces and renal pelvis.
33
What is filtrate?
Filtrate is what goes out of the glomerulus.
34
What is the flow of urine through the nephron?
The flow of urine is: Glomerulus → Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT) → Loop of Henle → Distal Convoluted Tubule → Collecting Duct.
35
What are the types of nephrons?
There are two types of nephrons: Cortical Nephrons and Juxtamedullary Nephrons.
36
What are cortical nephrons?
Cortical nephrons make up the majority of nephrons and are almost entirely located in the cortex.
37
What are juxtamedullary nephrons?
Juxtamedullary nephrons are situated close to the cortex-medulla junction and are deeper.
38
What is the glomerulus?
The glomerulus is a specialized capillary bed fed by the afferent arteriole and is responsible for the filtration of blood.
39
Why does the glomerulus have high blood pressure?
The afferent arteriole has a larger diameter than the efferent arteriole, resulting in much higher blood pressure in the glomerular capillaries.
40
What is the significance of the filtration process?
Filtration is dependent on a pressure gradient, where high pressure in the blood forces fluid and small solutes into the Bowman’s capsule.
41
What is the peritubular capillary bed?
The peritubular capillary bed arises from the efferent arteriole and is adapted for absorption instead of filtration.
42
What is the primary function of the peritubular capillaries?
Peritubular capillaries reabsorb filtered solutes and water, returning essential nutrients to the bloodstream.
43
What is glomerular filtration?
Glomerular filtration is a nonselective, passive process where fluid passes from the blood into the Bowman’s capsule.
44
What criteria determine glomerular filtration?
Substances greater than 70,000 daltons will not be filtered.
45
What is tubular reabsorption?
Tubular reabsorption is the process where essential substances are reabsorbed from the filtrate back into the bloodstream.
46
What happens in the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)?
Most reabsorption occurs in the PCT, where glucose, amino acids, and salts are actively reabsorbed.
47
What is the renal threshold in diabetes mellitus?
The renal threshold for glucose is 160-180 mg/dL; levels above this can lead to glucose in urine.
48
What is tubular secretion?
Tubular secretion is the process where waste products are secreted from the peritubular capillaries into the tubules.
49
What are common nitrogenous wastes?
Common nitrogenous wastes include urea, uric acid, and creatinine.
50
What characterizes urine production?
The kidneys filter about 150 to 180 L of blood plasma daily, producing only 1.0 to 1.8 L of urine.
51
What determines the color of urine?
Urine color is determined by solutes; yellow indicates solutes, while pale yellow indicates more water.
52
What is the pH of urine?
Urine is slightly acidic with a typical pH of around 6.0.
53
What are the ureters?
Ureters are slender tubes that connect the kidney to the bladder and propel urine by peristalsis.
54
What is the function of the urinary bladder?
The urinary bladder is a muscular sac that temporarily stores urine.
55
What is the urethra?
The urethra is a thin-walled tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside of the body.
56
What are the differences in urethra length between men and women?
In men, the urethra is about 20 cm long, while in women, it is about 3 to 4 cm long.
57
What is a urinary tract infection (UTI)?
Women are more prone to UTIs due to a shorter urethra, which is closer to the bladder.

MT 13 PART 2 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions