Urinary Flashcards
(29 cards)
What are the primary functions of the kidneys?
Continuous elimination of waste products from the blood through urine, maintenance of salts and fluid balance, and keeping osmotic pressure in the blood and tissue.
- 1.5 liters of urine output from 1500 liters of blood circulating through the kidneys.
What is one of the endocrine functions of the kidneys?
Secretion of hormones such as rennin, angiotensinogen, and erythropoietin.
Where are the kidneys located in the body?
On both sides of the median plane, with the right kidney located more cranially except in pigs and cats.
What is a ‘wandering kidney’?
A condition where the left kidney is suspended by peritoneum and deviated from the left abdominal cavity due to the rumen, which pushes it to the right side when full.
What is the color range of the kidneys?
From brownish-red to dark bluish-red.
What shape do the kidneys typically have?
Bean-shaped, with exceptions such as the right kidney in horses and the left kidney in camels.
What is the hilus of the kidney?
A central naval depression on the medial border where renal artery, renal vein, and lymphatic vessels enter and exit.
What does the renal sinus contain?
A central recess containing the renal pelvis.
What are the two surfaces of the kidney?
Dorsal surface and central surface.
What are renal papillae?
Openings of the main papillary ducts in the renal pelvis.
What is the renal capsule?
A fibrous capsule surrounding the renal parenchyma externally.
What is the renal cortex?
The outer pale reddish-brown zone with a granular appearance due to the presence of renal corpuscles.
What does the medulla of the kidney consist of?
Striated conical masses known as renal pyramids.
What is the structural unit of the kidney called?
Renal lobe.
What is the renal pelvis?
The first dilated part of the ureter where the renal papillae open.
What type of kidney is characterized by completely fused cortical substance?
Smooth unipapillary kidney.
What is the renal artery’s origin?
It originates from the abdominal aorta.
What is the function of the interlobular arteries?
To divide into intralobular arteries which distribute inside the renal lobules.
What is a glomerulus?
A fenestrated tuft of capillaries arranged in a convoluted manner, arising from the afferent arteriole and ending into the efferent arteriole.
True or False: The renal pelvis is present in cattle.
False.
Fill in the blank: The left kidney in large ruminants is pushed to the right side by the _______.
rumen.
What is the renal cortex’s appearance attributed to?
The presence of renal corpuscles.
What is the role of the intramural part of the ureter?
Prevention of urine reflux toward the kidneys.
What are the two types of kidneys based on the fusion of cortical substance?
- Smooth kidney
- Issured kidney
