Urinary Flashcards
(23 cards)
Urine: abnormal
RBC’s>2 =(damage to glomeruli or rubles, trauma or disease to lower urinary tract)
WBC’s>4
Bacteria (UTI–may not have symptoms).
Urinalysis: Normal
Color- pale straw>amber transparent
Faint aromatic
Specific gravity 1.0053-1.030 (^ the specific gravity if darker)
usually 1.010-1.025
pH 4.6-8
Sterile, no microorganism
No protein, glucose, ketones, Hgb, leukocyte esterase or nitrites.
Urinalysis: abnormal
Color: dark amber- (bilirubin from liver dysfunction),
Dark red- (kidney),
Bright red-(bladder, urethra),
Bright orange-(Pyridium),
Red-(beets, rhubarb (plant), blackberries, blood).
Clarity: cloudy or foamy with high protein concentration, thick and cloudy with bacteria and WBC’s.
Odor:
Strong: with more concentrated urine,
Sweet or fruity: with ketones (formed when the body burn fat for fuel, occurs when there isn’t enough insulin to move glucose into cells for energy.
Specific gravity of urine:
Amount of solutes in the urine (weight in urine).
Metabolic waste:
_____uric acid____, urea, ammonia, creatinine.
Electrolytes:
Sodium—–,chloride, potassium, magnesium and phosphorus.
Normal urine consist of:
96% water
4% solutes
Distilled water Sp. Gr.
1.0
Specific gravity __________, as concentration ___________.
Increases, increases.
Normal Specific Gravity:
1.0053-1.030
Low urine: is________, because you are __________ _____________, which causes early ___________ ____________, because of inadequate _______________ ___________ ___________ secretion.
Diluted urine, over hydration, renal disease, anti diuretic hormone.
pH is:
Acidity or alkalinity
Urine’s normal pH is
Slightly acidic
Urine’s average pH is
6
pH is helpful in determining
Response to acid-base balance
pH
More acidic/ Starvation Diarrhea High protein Cranberries
pH> 8 is a sign of __________, which causes a ______, from a diet high in _____________ and ____________-.
UTI
Fruits
Vegetables
Normal urinary function by:
Brain structure influence bladder function: inhibit the urge to void or allow voiding by Cerebral cortex Thalamus Hypothalamus Brain stem
The need to void coordinated
Relaxation of urethral sphincter and pelvic floor muscles and contraction of the bladder
Bladder urges to void at ________, Stimulates the ___________ ___________ in the bladder wall to ___________ to the _________ __________ ___________ (_______ _______), that sends a ____________, to the ___________ ___________ _____________.
250-450 ml Stretch receptors Transmitt Sacral micturition center ( voiding center) Message Pons micturition center
Voiding: if time appropriate:
The conscious portion of the brain relaxes the external urethral sphincter, and urination takes place.
Voiding if in appropriate:
The micturition reflex usually subsides until the bladder becomes more filled and the reflex is stimulated again.
Urine culture:normal
RBC’s up to 2
WBC’s 0-4
Bacteria none
