urinary Flashcards
(97 cards)
1
Q
what anatomy does the urinary system include
A
kidneys
ureters
bladder
urethra
2
Q
true or false: the urinary system is part of the excretory system
A
true
3
Q
name the fxns of the urinary system
A
removal of metabolic waste
regulation of blood volume and pressure
conservation of valuable nutrients
4
Q
the kidneys can be likened to a what
A
filter
5
Q
what is the general shape of the kidney
A
bean
6
Q
the lateral border is _____
A
convex
7
Q
the medial border is _____
A
concave
8
Q
how many poles does the kidney have
A
two; upper and lower poles
9
Q
how big is they kidney
A
4 1/2 inches long and 2-3 inches wide and 1 1/4 inches thick
10
Q
which kidney is slightly longer and narrower
A
left
11
Q
what cavity are the kidneys in
A
retroperitoneal with contact to posterior abdominal wall
12
Q
what plane do the kidneys lie in at what degree
A
oblique lane about 30 degrees anteriorly toward the aorta
13
Q
extend from where to where
A
T12-L3
14
Q
which kidney is lower in the body; why
A
right b/c of liver
15
Q
what connects kidneys to bladder
A
ureter
16
Q
the bladder serves as what
A
a reservoir
17
Q
how does urine flow from inside the body out
A
through the urethra
18
Q
in what habitus is the kidney higher
A
hypersthenic
19
Q
what habitus has kidneys lower in the body
A
asthenic
20
Q
what is the renal capsule
A
outer covering
21
Q
the outer layer of renal tissue is what
A
renal cortex
22
Q
what is the medulla
A
inner layer of renal tissue
23
Q
the renal pyramids are formed by what
A
renal medulla
24
Q
how many segments form renal pyramids
A
8-15 segments of collecting tubules
25
when fluids are filtered in the kidney where is it sent
the renal pelvis
26
what is considered the structure and functional unit of the kidney
the microscopic nephron
27
who many nephrons does each kidney have
one million
28
what is a nephron comprised of
renal corpuscle and renal tubule
29
what is the glomerulus surrounded by
golmerular capsule (Bowman's Capsule)
30
what is another name for the golemrular capsule
bowman's capsule
31
which (proximal or distal) part of the nephron is the collecting system
proximal
32
what is the glomerulus
cluster of blood capillaries
33
what are vessel entering the capsule called
the afferent arteriole
34
what are the capsules termed leaving the capsule
efferent arteriole
35
the afferent or efferent arteriole brings blood to the glumerulli
afferent
36
where do the efferent arteriole carry the blood to
towards the convolutes tubes
37
filtrates travel from ______ to ______
from nephrons to the minor calyx to major to renal pelvis to ureters
38
wehre is the ureteropelvic junction
where the renal pelvis joins the ureters
39
true or false the bladder is a muscle
true
40
the bladder serves as a ______
reservoir for urine
41
in relation to the pubic symphysis where does the bladder sit
posterior and superior
42
for males what structure is the bladder anterior to
rectum
43
for females what structure is the bladder anterior to
vaginal canal
44
what is the trigone
triangular area of the bladder base between three opening
45
what are the three areas the trigone is between
two ureters one internal urethral orifice
46
how much fluid an an adult bladder hold when completely full
500 ml
47
when do you begin to feel the urge to unite (what volume)
250 ml
48
through what does the urine exit the body
urethra
49
how long is the urethra in a female
1 1/2 inches
50
how long is the urethra in a male
7 to 8 inches
51
true or false; the urethra has different uses in males and females
true
52
what is the small glandular body surrounding the proximal part of the male urethra
prostate
53
true or false; the prostate is considered part of the male reproductive statement
true
54
how big is the average prostate
1.5 inches transversely; .75 inches at the base and 1 inch vertically
55
what is dialysis
mechanical filtration of the blood; does the job of the nephrons
56
true or false imaging the urinary system requires contrast; if true what kind
true; iodinated contrast
57
is contrast used to image kidney stones
no
58
what is antegrade filling administration of contrast
going with the normal flow of the blood to the kidneys
59
what is another way to introduce contrast to the kidneys
percutaneous antegrade urography
| puncture the renal pelvis
60
most commonly used is what; what is it called
introduction through IV
| IVU (intravenous urography)
61
what is pyelography
radiographic demonstration of the renal pelves and calyces
62
true or false pyelography can be referred to as an IVP
False
63
what is reabsorbed from the contrast
the water and the contrast material becomes concentrated and shows the urinary canals
64
what kind of filling goes against the normal flow
retrograde
65
what is it called when contrast in introduced against the normal flow
retrograde urography
66
how is retrograde contrast introduced
through a catheter; into the bladder
67
what is cystography
bladder exam
68
what is cystoureteography
exam of lower ureters
69
what is a cystourthrography
exam of the urethra
70
are higher or lower concentrations of contrast are used for bladder imaging, why
lower; there is going to be a large amount of contrast used
71
when is a higher concentration used
excretory urography
72
what type of media is less likely to cause an adverse reaction
non-iodinated
73
what are most common rxns to media
warmth
flushing
few hives
74
more severe rxns include
nausea
vomiting
edema of respiratory mucous membranes
75
how long should a pt be observed after administration of contrast
twenty minutes
76
why should the GI tract be prepped for a urinary system imaging
to provide a clear view for the study
77
how long should a pt have a low residue diet
1-2 days
78
why is a low residue diet followed
to prevent gas formation
79
NPO for how long
after midnight before the exam
80
true or false; the pt should also avoid drinking water
FALSE; the pt should be well hydrated
81
for retrograde exams how much water should the pt drink several hours before exam
4-5 cups
82
what kind of markers are needed for these exams
time and body position markers
83
should exposure be made on inspiration or expiration
expiration
84
what is the normal GFR range
120-125 ml/min
85
what is the normal creatinine level
.6-1.2
86
what value is an indicator of renal dysfunction
under 90ml/min
87
when are kidneys in a higher position
supine
88
upright position causes the kidneys to rise or fall in the body
fall
89
for obliques, how much is the pt rotated
30 degrees
90
on average how much urine is passed each day
1-2 liters
91
from supine to upright how much do the kidneys move
2 inches`
92
what is the degrees of angulation for an AP axial bladder
10-15 degrees caudad
93
what is your centering point for the AP axial bladder
2'' above upper border of pubic symphysis
94
for the lateral bladder where do you center
2'' above upper border of the pubic symphysis at MCP
95
for the male cystourethrogram utilizes what
endoscopic camera
96
what are the essential projections for male cystourethrogram
AP Obliques (RPO or LPO)
97
what is the degree of body rotation for the AP Obliques
35-45 degrees
