Urinary

Question 1

Diuresis

Answer 1

Increase/excessive production of urine

Question 2

Nocturia

Answer 2

Urinating frequently at night

Question 3

Polyuria

Answer 3

Abnormally large amounts of urine

Question 4

Oliguria

Answer 4

Urine output is below normal

Question 5

Anuria

Answer 5

No urine produced

Question 6

Alternations in urinary elimination

Answer 6

Urinary retention- inability to urine

UTI- results from catheterizations

Urinary incontinence- unable to control urine leakage

Urinary diversion- urine to a external source- re route normal urination system

Question 7

Diuretic

Answer 7

Causing increased passing of urine

For assessment offer patient a bathroom break every 30 minutes

Question 8

Characteristics of altered urination

Answer 8

Urgency- hits you unexpectedly

Dysuria- abnormal- hurts when you pee

Enuresis- involuntary urination/ bed wetters

Incontinence- not being able to hold pee/ control it

Retention- inability to empty bladder

Neurogenic bladder- bladder damage caused by neurological damage, having a spinal cold injury, can’t feel peeing

Frequency- urinating more then 4-6 times a day

Question 9

Transient incontinence

Answer 9

Temporary, caused by illness or specific condition that is short lived like a UTI, hyperglycemia, medications (diuretics)

Question 10

Stress Incontinence

Answer 10

Physical movement such as coughing, sneezing, running, something that puts pressure on your bladder

Question 11

Urge incontinence

Answer 11

When you have a sudden urge to urinate. Bladder contracts when it shouldn’t

Question 12

Reflex incontinence

Answer 12

Involuntary loss of urine usually without warning

Question 13

Functional incontinence

Answer 13

Person is aware of the need to urinate, but physical or mental reasons cause them to not be able to make it to the bathroom

Like a broken hip

Question 14

Specific gravity

Answer 14

The more concentrated the urine is the more yellow it is, when it is clear it has a low concentration level.

Normal specific gravity- 1.002 to 1.030
Low specific gravity- 1.001- may indicate the kidney is ineffective
High specific gravity- 1.029- person dehydrated

Question 15

Ureterostomy

Answer 15

Creating is stoma, divert flow of urine away from the bladder

Question 16

Nephrostomy

Answer 16

Created between kidney and skin which allows urinary diversion directly from the upper part of urinary system

Question 17

Illeal conduit

Answer 17

Urinary drainage a surgeon creates using small intestine after removing bladder

Question 18

Kock pouch

Answer 18

A urinary diversion in which the surgeon forms a reservoir from the ileum. The pouch is emptied by clean straight catherization every 2 to 3 hours initially, and every 5 to 6 hours once the pouch expands to capacity

Question 19

Neobladder

Answer 19

A new bladder created by the surgeon using the ileum that attaches to the uterus and urethra. It allows the client to maintain continence, client learns to void by straining the abdominal muscles

Question 20

Bedside sonography with a bladder scanner

Answer 20

Noninvasive portable ultrasound scanner for measuring bladder volume and residual volume after urination

Question 21

Kidneys, ureters, bladder

Answer 21

X-ray to determine size, shape, and position of these structures

Question 22

Intravenous pyelogram

Answer 22

Injection is contract media (iodine) for viewing of ducts, rank pelvis, ureters, bladder, and urethra

Allergy to shellfish contraindicates the use of this contrast medium

Question 23

Renal scan

Answer 23

View of renal blood flow and anatomy of the kidneys without contrast

Question 24

Renal ultrasound

Answer 24

View of gross renal structures and structural abnormalities using high frequency sound waves

Question 25

Cystoscopy

Answer 25

Use of a light instrument to visualize, treat, and obtain specimens from the bladder and urethra

Question 26

Urodynamic testing

Answer 26

Test for bladder muscle function by filling the bladder with co2 or 0.9% sodium chloride and comparing pressure readings with reported sensations

Question 27

Promoting healthy urinary elimination

Answer 27

``` Equipment: Urinal for males Toilet, bed pan, or commode Fracture pan- for clients who must remain supine and clients in body or leg casts Regular pan- for clients who can sit up ``` Procedure nursing actions: Have clients sit when possible Provide privacy needs with adequate time for urinating

Question 28

Bladder retaining for treating urge incontinence

Answer 28

- used timed voiding to increase intervals between urination - assist clients to perform relaxation techniques - offer incontinence undergarments while clients are retraining - provide positive reinforcement as clients remain continent Client education - perform pelvic floor (kegal) exercises - do not ignore the urge to urinate - eliminate or decrease caffeine drinks - take diuretics in the morning

Question 29

Specimen collection

Answer 29

Non-sterile- for urinalysis Sterile for clean- catch midstream and specimens from catheter Discard the first voiding Label container with clients identifying information Refrigerate, label, and transport the specimen

Question 30

UTI

Answer 30

``` Most due to E.Coli Risk factors: - in females, close proximity of the urethral meats to the anus - frequent sexual intercourse - menopause: decreasing estrogen levels - uncircumcised clients - use if indwelling catheters ``` Symptoms: - urinary frequency, urgency, nocturia, flank pain, hematuria, cloudy, found smelling urine, and fever - in older adults, new onset of increased confusion, recent falls, new onset incontinence, anorexia, fever, tachycardia, hypotension

Question 31

Assessment data/ collection

Answer 31

- female sex - history of multiple pregnancies and vaginal births, aging, chronic urinary retention, chronic bladder infection (cystitis) - neurological disorders- Parkinson’s disease, cerebrovascular accident, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis - medication- diuretics, opioids, anticholinergics, adrenegic antagonist - obesity - Decreased pelvic muscle tone

Question 32

Urinalysis and urine culture sensitivity

Answer 32

To identify UTI (presences of RBC, WBC, and micro organisms)

Question 33

Blood creatinine and BUN

Answer 33

To assess renal function

Question 34

Ultrasound

Answer 34

Defects bladder abnormalities and or residual urine

Question 35

Voiding cystourethrography

Answer 35

Identifies the size, shape, support, and function of the urinary bladder, obstruction(prostate), residual urine

Question 36

Urodynamic testing

Answer 36

- cystourethroscopy: visualizes the inside of the bladder - uroflowmetry: measure the rate and degree of bladder emptying - electromyography: measure the strength of pelvic muscle contractions

Question 37

Bladder retraining program

Answer 37

Urinary bladder retraining increases the bladders ability to hold urine and clients ability to suppress urinating Client education: Urinate at scheduled times Gradually increase urination intervals after no incontinence episode for 3 days, working toward the optimal 4 hour interval Hold urine until the scheduled toileting time Keep track of urination times

Question 38

Acute renal failure

Answer 38

An acute ride in the serum creatinine level of 25% or more. May be caused by inadequate blood flow to the kidney, injury to the kidney glomeruli or tubes

Question 39

Anuria

Answer 39

The absence of urine, often associated with kidney failure or congestive heart failure. This term is used when urine output is 100mL in 24 hours

Question 40

Dysuria

Answer 40

Painful or difficult urination. May be associated with infection or partial obstruction of the urinary tract

Question 41

End stage real disease

Answer 41

A chronic rise in serum creatinine levels associated with loss of kidney function that must be treated with dialysis

Question 42

Enuresis

Answer 42

Involuntary loss of urine

Question 43

Hematuria

Answer 43

Blood in the urine

Question 44

Micturition

Answer 44

To start the stream of urine

Question 45

Nephropathy

Answer 45

Disease of the kidney

Question 46

Nephrotoxic

Answer 46

A substance that damages kidney tissue

Question 47

Nocturia

Answer 47

Frequent ruination after going to bed. May be caused by excessive fluid intake as well as a variety of urinary tract and cardiovascular problems