Urinary Continence and Renal Pain

Question 1

What are the 5 main types of nerve fibre?

Answer 1

Somatic sensory
Visceral afferent 
Somatic motor
Parasympathetic
Sympathetic

Question 2

What nerves convey sensations from our body wall to the CNS?

Answer 2

Somatic sensory (afferent)

Question 3

What nerves convey sensations from our organs to the CNS?

Answer 3

Visceral afferent

Question 4

What nerves convey motor responses to our body wall from the CNS?

Answer 4

Somatic motor (efferent)

Question 5

What nerves convey motor responses to our organs from the CNS?

Answer 5

Parasympathetic and sympathetics

Question 6

How many spinal nerves are there?

Answer 6

31 pairs

Question 7

Sympathetic fibres will leave between which spinal levels?

Answer 7

T1-L2

Question 8

Sympathetic fibres reach smooth muscle/glands of the body within what nerves?

Answer 8

Splanchnic

Question 9

What are the two splanchnic nerves?

Answer 9

Cardiopulmonary

Abdominopelvic

Question 10

Sympathetic fibres get to the kidneys, ureters and bladder by leaving at what level?

Answer 10

T10-L2

Question 11

Sympathetic fibres leaving at T10-L2 leave within what nerves?

Answer 11

Abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves

Question 12

Where do sympathetic fibres within the abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves synapse?

Answer 12

Abdominal sympathetic ganglia

Question 13

Postsynaptic sympathetic fibres hitch a ride on what to supply the relevant organs?

Answer 13

Arteries

Question 14

Within what do parasympathetic nerve fibres leave the CNS?

Answer 14

CN III, VII, IX and X

Spinal nerves S2-4

Question 15

The kidneys and ureter are supplied parasympathetic innervation by what?

Answer 15

CN X

Question 16

The bladder is supplied parasympathetic innervation by what?

Answer 16

Pelvic splanchnic nerves formed from S2-4 spinal nerves

Question 17

What parts of the renal system are supplied by somatic motor nerves?

Answer 17

Distal urethra and its external sphincter

Question 18

Where is pain from the kidney itself commonly felt?

Answer 18

“Loin” - posterior aspect of flank

Question 19

Where is pain from a calculus in the ureter felt?

Answer 19

From loin to groin

Question 20

Where is pain from the bladder felt?

Answer 20

Suprapubic region

Question 21

Where is pain from the urethra felt?

Answer 21

Perineum

Question 22

Visceral afferents from the kidney, ureters and part of the bladder run alongside what back to the spinal cord?

Answer 22

Sympathetic fibres

Question 23

Where do visceral afferents from the kidney enter the spinal cord?

Answer 23

T11-L1

Question 24

Where do visceral afferents from the ureters enter the spinal cord?

Answer 24

T11-L2

Question 25

Why do visceral afferents from the bladder travel back to the spinal cord in two different ways?

Answer 25

As it is partly in contact with peritoneum

Question 26

Visceral afferents from the bladder in contact with the peritoneum run alongside sympathetics/parasympathetics and enter at T11-L2

Answer 26

Sypathetics

Question 27

Visceral afferents from the bladder not in contact with the peritoneum run alongside parasympathetics back to which level?

Answer 27

S2-4

Question 28

Visceral afferents from the proximal urethra run alongside sympathetics/parasympathetics to S2-4?

Answer 28

Parasympathetics

Question 29

Somatic sensory fibres from the distal urethra are carried back to S2-4 within what nerve?

Answer 29

Pudendal nerve

Question 30

Visceral afferents from the testis run back to which levels of the spinal cord?

Answer 30

T10-11

Question 31

What type of nerve sense the stretch caused by bladder filling?

Answer 31

Visceral afferents

Question 32

The detrusor muscle contracting and internal urethral sphincter relaxing is under control of what nerve type?

Answer 32

Parasympathetics

Question 33

Relaxation of external urethral sphincter and levator ani muscles is carried out by what nerve type?

Answer 33

Somatic motor

Question 34

What are the nerve roots of the sciatic nerve?

Answer 34

L4-S3

Question 35

Which two nerves have L1 as their root?

Answer 35

Iliohypogastric | Ilioinguinal

Question 36

What are the nerve roots of the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh?

Answer 36

L2-3

Question 37

Which nerve has L1-2 as its roots?

Answer 37

Genitofemoral

Question 38

What are the nerve roots of the femoral and obturator nerve?

Answer 38

L2-4

Question 39

The femoral nerve is medial/lateral to the psoas major?

Answer 39

Lateral

Question 40

What nerve sits medial to the psoas major?

Answer 40

Obturator nerve