Urinary Elimination Flashcards
What influence do the kidneys have on urination?
-filter blood
-normal urine output is 1200-1600mL /24 hours
-<30mL/hr x2 hours is renal alteration
-if you decrease blood flow to kidneys this will decrease urinary output
How much urine does the bladder hold?
about 500mL
How long is the female urethra?
4cm long
How long is the male urethra?
about 20cm long
What is renal colic?
severe sudden flank pain secondary to obstruction of the urinary tract usually by a kidney stone– caused by the peristaltic waves of the ureters trying to move the obstruction
What is the specific gravity of urine?
1.01-1.025
What is the average pH of urine?
6
What is specific gravity?
the kidney’s ability to concentrate urine, the higher the number the more concentrated/dehydrated
Define anuria
no urine production
Define oliguria
small amount of urine production (<30mL/hour)
Define polyuria/diuresis
excessive urine production and output (>2000mL/day)
What can cause glucose in the urine?
normal for adults to excrete some small amounts but a high amount can indicate a problem with either the kidneys or blood sugar
What can cause ketones in the urine?
ketones are a by product of fat metabolism and can be a sign of diabetes
What can cause protein in the urine?
leaky glomerulonephritis can allow proteins to escape (usually too big), low levels are normal and large amounts can indicate kidney problems
What can cause nitrites in the urine?
most commonly means there’s a bacterial infection in your urinary tract
