Urinary Elimination Flashcards
(32 cards)
what is urinary elimination also known as
voiding or micturition
how much does the bladder fill with
200-450ml of urine
what is the process for urinating
Activation of stretch receptors in bladder wall
Signaling to the voiding reflex center
Contraction of detrusor muscle
Conscious relaxation of external urethral sphincter
what does toilet training children require
Mature neuromuscular system
Adequate communication skills
what are some problems with urination
Enuresis
Nocturnal enuresis
Enuresis
loss of bladder control
nocturnal enuresis
night bed wetting
how much urine do we produce
kidneys put out about 50-60 ml/hr
complications in older adults
Kidney function decreases Urgency and frequency common Loss of bladder elasticity and muscle tone leads to Nocturia Incomplete emptying
Nocturia
getting up at night to urinate
average urine output
1000-2000 ml/day
specific gravity of a urine
dissolved solutes in a sample
when is average toilet training most successful
18-36 months
factors affecting urinary elimination
Personal Sociocultural Environmental Nutrition Hydration Activity level Medications Surgery and anesthesia
what are some pathological conditions affecting urination
Bladder/kidney infections Kidney stones Hypertrophy of the prostate (male) Mobility problems Decreased blood flow through glomeruli Neurological conditions Communication problems Alteration in cognition
glomerula filtration rate
start to develop problems with the vessels to the kidneys and the actual filtrate (urine that is produced) . Not producing urine as fast and as much. Causing more UTI’s.
hypokalemia
low potassium caused by diuretics and high urine output
alterations in urinary elimination
Urinary tract infections
Urinary retention
Urinary incontinence
Urinary diversion/urostomy
classic sign for UTI
frequency
signs and symptoms of a UTI
Urinary frequency urgency foul-smelling urine pyuria dysuria hematuria bladder spasms edema chills fever back pain nausea and vomiting
Risk Factors for a UTI
sexually active women women who use spermicidal contraceptive gel older women pregnant women men with an enlarged prostate people with kidney stones anyone who has an indwelling catheter
Systitis
inflammation of the bladder
Pyelonephrtis
infection of the kidneys
how do you promote normal urination
Provide privacy ― curtains, doors
Assist with positioning ― men standing, women seated upright
Facilitate toileting routines ― identify client’s pattern
