Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

SEM II - Positioning > Urinary Imaging > Flashcards

Urinary Imaging Flashcards

(61 cards)

Start Studying
0
Q

Kidney function

A

Removes metabolic waste from blood
Maintains fluid and water levels
Regulates acid-base and electrolyte balance
Secretes substances that affect blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

The urinary system includes:

A

Two kidneys
Two ureters
One urinary bladder
One urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Kidney location

A

Retroperitoneal cavity
Surrounded by fat
Encapsulated by a fibrous capsule (gerota’s fascia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Adrenal glands

A

Suprarenal glands, not part of the urinary system.

Endocrine structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Calyces

A

Cup shaped recesses in the center of each kidney that receive the urine from the collecting ducts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The beginning branches of the urinary collecting system are called

A

Minor calyces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Minor calyces unite to form the

A

Major calyces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The major calyces unite to form the

A

Renal pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The renal pelvis exits the kidneys and transitions into the

A

Ureter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Ureters

A

Connects kidneys to the bladder.

- very narrow in diameter, collapsible tubing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Kidneys produce how much urine per day?

A

1-2 liters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Epinephrine is secreted by the

A

Suprarenal glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The left kidney is

A

Longer, narrower, and located higher than the right kidney due to the size of liver causing displacement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The kidneys will drop about 2” when

A

Moving from the supine to upright

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The average kidney is approximately

A

4.5” long
2.5” wide
A little over 1” thick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Nephroptosis

A

The abnormal fall of the kidneys, normally suspended in the abdomen.

With failure of suspensory tissues, kidneys will fall sometimes into pelvis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The ureters enter the bladder along the

A

Posterior wall.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Ureteral valves

A

One way flow from ureteral into bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

UVJ

A

Ureterovesicular junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The female urethra is about 1-2” long, males about 7-8” making

A

Females more susceptible to UTI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The urinary bladder serves as a reservoir and can hold about

A

500cc of urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Rugae

A

Numerous mucosal folds located within the urinary bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Trigone

A

Area of the bladder formed by its 3 openings:
2 ureters
1 urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Micturition

A

Act of urinating/voiding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Detrusor muscle
Surrounds bladder, contracts in order to expel urine
25
Bladder
U/V junction Ureteral valve Trigone Urethra
26
Males bladder also includes
Prostate gland
27
IVP
Intravenous pyelogram. The most commonly ordered radiographic study of the urinary system.
28
IVU
Intravenous urogram. The proper term for the examination of the entire urinary system.
29
Nephrotomogram phase
Phase filtering of blood in the cortex of an IVP/IVU exam
30
Collection/transport phase
Movement of urine into calyces, renal pelvis, ureters, and into bladder during a IVP/IVU image
31
Antegrade
During an IVU, the contrast is traveling in the normal excretory direction of flow.
32
Retrograde
Against the normal flow. Method requires catheterization or endoscopy and can be used to demonstrate the bladder, urethra, and lower ureters.
33
Sample IVU routine:
``` Scout (KUB) Injection - note time 1 min. Nephrogram or nephrotomography 3 min. AP supine 5 min. AP supine 10 min. AP supine 15 min. AP supine 20 min. Posterior obliques Post-void (prone or erect) ```
34
IVP or IVU demonstrates
Both function and structures of the urinary system by kidneys ability to filter contrast medium from the blood, collect, contrast as urine, and pass urine to bladder
35
Purpose of IVU/IVP
Visualize the collecting portion of the urinary system Assess the functional ability of the kidneys Assess the movement of urine through system
36
Bolus injection
The rapid introduction of contrast agents into the vascular system
37
50-100cc
The most common contrast dosages used for a adult patient.
38
Why do a scout abdomen.
``` Contour and location of kidneys Presence of stones Pre contrast comparison Success of prep - NPO Perfection of technique ```
39
Contrast medium usually becomes visible in the pelvicalyceal system within
2-3 minutes of injection
40
What is seen on an IVU/IVP AP projection?
Entire urinary system K - U - B | No rotation/motion
41
On an IVU/IVP posterior oblique exam
The side up kidney is seen parallel to the IR and the side down is seen perpendicular to the IR
42
In the AP supine position the kidneys
Do not sit flat and square in the abdomen
43
In the RPO position the left kidney is ? to the IR and the right is ? to the IR
Left is parallel to the IR and right is perpendicular to the IR.
44
In the LPO position the right kidney is ? to the IR and the left is ? to the IR
The right kidney is parallel to the IR and the left is perpendicular to the IR.
45
Ureteric Compression
Used to enhance filling of the pelvicalyceal system and proximal uterus. Allows the renal collecting system to retain contrast medium longer. Applied over the distal ends of the ureters at the level of the ASIS but just medial to the ASIS.
46
Tomography
Exam where a slice of anatomy is imaged rather than the entire body part using a higher contrast, blurring away unfocused tissues. Tissue is in focus visualized without superimposition.
47
Tomographic movements
Tube and Bucky move together | Fulcrum is the focal point of motion - anatomy at level of fulcrum is best visualized.
48
The more tomographic movement
Results in finer focus anatomy.
49
Linear tomography
As the tube and film move in opposite directions, blurring occurs in structures outside the focal plane
50
Tomographic angle
The angle determines the thickness of the slice.
51
As the tomo angle increases
Thinner slice or section of anatomy imaged
52
As the tomo angle decreases
A thicker slice or section of anatomy will be imaged.
53
Cystography
Retrograde urological study of the urinary bladder, performed to evaluate trauma, calculi, tumor, or inflammatory disease.
54
Contrast with a cystography exam
Delivered through a catheter into the bladder which flows in by gravity pressure only.
55
Voiding cystography is performed to assess
Ureteral valves and reflux of contrast up ureters Patency of the urethra VCUG
56
VCUG
Voiding cystourethrogram Retrograde study of the bladder and urethra to determine cause of urinary retention and to evaluate for possible ureteral reflux.
57
Cystography contrast
Very low concentration water soluble iodine | 18-20%
58
Ureteral reflux
Failure of the ureteral valves to prevent back flow of urine from bladder into ureters and kidney during mucturition
59
BPH
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
60
Male stricture of the urethra
Can be accompanied by the backflow of urine into the prostate gland,leading to chronic and recurrent prostatitis.

SEM II - Positioning (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions