Urinary Pathology and Tests

Question 1

glomerulonephritis

Answer 1

inflammation of the glomeruli within the kidney

Question 2

interstitial nephritis

Answer 2

inflammation of the connective tissue that lies between the renal tubules

Question 3

nephrolithiasis

Answer 3

kidney stones (renal calculi)

Question 4

nephrotic syndrome (nephrosis)

Answer 4

group of clinical signs and symptoms caused by excessive protein loss in urine

Question 5

signs of nephrotic syndrome

Answer 5

edema and hypoalbuminemia

Question 6

polycystic kidney disease (PKD)

Answer 6

multiple fluid-filled sacs (cysts) within and on the kidney

Question 7

pyelonephritis

Answer 7

inflammation of the lining of the renal pelvis and renal parenchyma

Question 8

renal cell carcinoma (hypernephroma)

Answer 8

cancerous tumor of the kidney in adulthood

Question 9

renal failure

Answer 9

kidney decreases excretion of wastes as a result of impaired filtration function.

Question 10

renal hypertension

Answer 10

high blood pressure resulting from kidney disease

Question 11

Wilms tumor

Answer 11

malignant tumor of the kidney occurring in childhood

Question 12

bladder cancer

Answer 12

malignant tumor of the urinary bladder

Question 13

diabetes insipidus

Answer 13

antidiuretic hormone is not secreted adequately, or the kidney is resistant to its effect.

Question 14

diabetes mellitus

Answer 14

insulin is not secreted adequately or not used properly in the body.

Question 15

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

Answer 15

measurement of urea levels in blood

Question 16

creatinine clearance

Answer 16

measurement of the rate at which creatinine is cleared from the blood by the kidney

Question 17

CT scan

Answer 17

X-ray images show multiple cross-sectional and other views of organs and tissues

Question 18

kidneys, ureters, and bladder (KUB)

Answer 18

X-ray examination (without contrast) of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder

Question 19

renal angiography

Answer 19

x-ray examination (with contrast) of the blood vessels of the kidney.

Question 20

retrograde pyelogram (RP)

Answer 20

X-ray imaging of the renal pelvis and ureters after injection of contrast through a urinary catheter into the ureters from the bladder.

Question 21

voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG)

Answer 21

X-ray record (with contrast) of the urinary bladder and urethra obtained while the patient is voiding.

Question 22

ultrasonography

Answer 22

imaging of urinary tract structures using high-frequency sound waves.

Question 23

radioisotope scan

Answer 23

image of the kidney after injecting a radioactive substance (radioisotope) into the bloodstream

Question 24

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer 24

changing magnetic field produces images of the kidney and surrounding structures in three planes of the body.

Question 25

cystoscopy

Answer 25

direct visualization of the urethra and urinary bladder with an endoscope (cystoscope)

Question 26

dialysis

Answer 26

process of separating nitrogenous waste materials from the blood

Question 27

hemodialysis (HD)

Answer 27

uses an artificial kidney machine that receives waste-filled blood from the patient's bloodstream, filters it, and returns the dialyzed blood to the patient's body.

Question 28

peritoneal dialysis (PD)

Answer 28

uses a peritoneal catheter to introduce fluid into the peritoneal cavity.

Question 29

lithotripsy

Answer 29

urinary tract stones are crushed

Question 30

renal angioplasty

Answer 30

dilation of narrowed areas in renal arteries

Question 31

renal biopsy

Answer 31

removal of kidney tissue for microscopic examination

Question 32

renal transplantation

Answer 32

surgical transfer of a kidney from a donor to a recipient.

Question 33

urinary catheterization

Answer 33

passage of a flexible, tubular instrument through the urethra into the urinary bladder.