Urinary system

Question 1

Functions of the kidneys

Answer 1

Removes metabolic waste from the blood and forms urine

Question 2

Functions of the ureter

Answer 2

Tubes 10 inches long that transport urine away from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

Question 3

Functions of the urinary bladder

Answer 3

A hollow extensible, muscular organ that temporarily holds urine

Question 4

Describe the urinary bladder in males and females

Answer 4

Smaller in female, larger in male

Question 5

Capacity of the urinary bladder

Answer 5

Approximately 470 mL. At 250-300 mL you begin to feel the urge to urinate and when full, the top of the bladder reaches the level of the umbilicus

Question 6

Length of urethra in males and females

Answer 6

• Male 8-9 inches
• Female 1.5 inches

Question 7

Dimensions and shape of the kidneys

Answer 7

4.5 in by 2.5 in by 1 inch; bean shaped

Question 8

Which kidney is larger in humans

Answer 8

Left is larger in humans as well as higher

Question 9

Function of adipose with the kidneys

Answer 9

Cushions the kidneys and helps to hold them in place

Question 10

Position of kidneys

Answer 10

Lies against the dorsal abdominal wall, below the waist line, behind the abdominal peritoneum

Question 11

Three major regions of the kidneys

Answer 11

cortex, medulla, and renal pelvis

Question 12

Cortex

Answer 12

Outer layer, granular appearance, renal columns which are part of the cortex and extends into some areas of the medulla

Question 13

Medulla

Answer 13

Second layer, striated in appearance, consist of renal pyramids

Question 14

Renal pelvis

Answer 14

Funnel shaped sue that forms the upper end of the ureter

Question 15

Calyx

Answer 15

Smaller region of the renal pelvis, collects urine

Question 16

Renal pyramids

Answer 16

conical masses that make up medulla

Question 17

Bowman’s Capsule

Answer 17

Expanded end of a nephron, encloses glomerulus

Question 18

function of Bowman’s Capsule

Answer 18

Filters blood to form urine from metabolic waste

Question 19

Nephron

Answer 19

Functional unit

Question 20

How many nephrons are present in one kidney

Answer 20

1 million per kidney

Question 21

Glomerulus

Answer 21

Bundle of capillaries enclosed by Bowman’s capsule

Question 22

How does diffusion occur in the glomerulus

Answer 22

High pressure of blood in glomerulus causes materials to diffuse out of vessels and into Bowman’s capsule

Question 23

passage of blood

Answer 23

blood enters through an afferent vessel and leaves glomerulus through an efferent vessel

Question 24

name 3 renal tubules

Answer 24

proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, and distal convoluted tubule

Question 25

Where does filtrate go from the Bowman's capsule

Answer 25

The filtrates from Bowman's capsule pass through the tubules and certain components are reabsorbed into capillaries that surround the tubules

Question 26

Define glycosuria

Answer 26

excess sugar in urine

Question 27

Define hematuria

Answer 27

Blood present in urine

Question 28

Define pyuria

Answer 28

puss or WBCs present in urine

Question 29

Define pylitis

Answer 29

infection of renal pelvis

Question 30

Renal calculi

Answer 30

Kidney stones in renal pelvis

Question 31

Cystitis

Answer 31

infection of the urinary bladder

Question 32

Nephritis

Answer 32

Infection of the nephron

Question 33

Edema

Answer 33

Accumulation of fluid in the tissue

Question 34

Uremia

Answer 34

Kidney failure

Question 35

Micturition

Answer 35

urination

Question 36

Hemodialysis

Answer 36

Acts as a filtering system for blood and extends life expectancy

Question 37

Name the vein and artery used in hemodialysis

Answer 37

Renal artery and saphenous vein

Question 38

How long does hemodialysis take

Answer 38

3 to 4 hours

Question 39

Urology

Answer 39

Study of the urinary tract

Question 40

4 organs of the urinary system

Answer 40

Urethra, Urinary bladder, Ureters, Kidneys

Question 41

Renal Hilium

Answer 41

The entry and exit site for structures servicing the kidneys: vessels, nerves, lymphatics, and ureters

Question 42

3 structures that protect the kidney

Answer 42

Adipose, Renal Capsule, and Renal fascia

Question 43

What causes "floating kidney" disease

Answer 43

When perirenal fascia is not abundant, the kidneys are not fixed in place and they drop upon standing

Question 44

Danger of "floating kidney" disease

Answer 44

difficult and painful urination

Question 45

2 parts of the renal corpuscle

Answer 45

Bowman's capsule and glomerulus

Question 46

Renal plexus

Answer 46

Nerve that supplies information to the kidneys

Question 47

Can nephrons regenerate

Answer 47

No

Question 48

Functions of the nephrons

Answer 48

filtration, reabsorption, and secretion

Question 49

Aldosterone

Answer 49

produced by adrenal glands, controlled by NaCl

Question 50

3 examples of a diuretic

Answer 50

alcohol, coffee, chocolate

Question 51

what happens in the absence ADH

Answer 51

tubules absorb more solutes than water, this form diluted urine

Question 52

factors the play a role in transporting urine from ureter to baldder

Answer 52

blood pressure, fluid intake, diseases

Question 53

factors that influence urine volume

Answer 53

dehydration, blood loss, diuretics, infection

Question 54

Description of normal urinalysis

Answer 54

yellow in color, clear, aromatic, 4.8-7.5 pH

Question 55

Abnormal urinalysis

Answer 55

dark red/brown in color, fishy odor, hazy, above 7.5 pH or below 4.8 pH

Question 56

Functions of male urethra

Answer 56

expels both urine and semen

Question 57

polyuria

Answer 57

excessive urination

Question 58

Nocturia

Answer 58

Excessive urination at night

Question 59

dysuria

Answer 59

painful urination

Question 60

urea

Answer 60

presence of proteins

Question 61

uric acid

Answer 61

presence of nucleic acids

Question 62

creatinine

Answer 62

presence of muscle

Question 63

amino acids

Answer 63

presence of protein metabolism

Question 64

how much blood do the kidneys filter

Answer 64

48 gallons in a 24 hour period

Question 65

hydrostatic pressure

Answer 65

pressure a fluid exerts