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(Q4) BE - ANA 102 > URINARY SYSTEM > Flashcards

URINARY SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

Filters nitrogenous wastes from the blood and helps regulate water, electrolyte, and acid-base balances

A

Urinary system

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2
Q

Location of the kidney

A

lower back, T12-L3 vertebra

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3
Q

Hormone released by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell

A

erythropoietin

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4
Q

Kidney cells convert ___ produced in the skin to its active form

A

Vitamin D

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5
Q

Location of the kidneys

A

lower back, T12-L3 vertebra

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6
Q

Size of kidneys

A

12cm long, 6cm, wide, 3 cm thick

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7
Q

medial indentation of the kidneys

A

Renal hilum

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8
Q

transparent; encloses the kidneys and gives it a glistening appearance

A

fibrous capsule

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9
Q

fatty mass; surrounds each kidney and cushions it against blows

A

Perineal fat capsule

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10
Q

most superficial layer; made of dense fibrous connective tissue; anchors the kidney and adrenal gland to surrounding structures

A

renal fascia

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11
Q

outer region of the kidney and light in color

A

renal cortex

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12
Q

darker reddish brown area deep to the cortex; contains the renal/Medullary pyramids

A

renal medulla

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13
Q

triangular regions with striped appearance

A

Renal/Medullary pyramids

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14
Q

faces toward the cortex

A

base

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15
Q

points toward the inner region of the kidney

A

apex

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16
Q

extension of cortex like tissue that separates the pyramids

A

Renal columns

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17
Q

lateral to the hilum; flat, tunnel-shaped tube; continuous with the ureter leaving the hilum

A

renal pelvis

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18
Q

extensions of the pelvis; form cup-shaped drains that enclose the tips of the pyramids

A

calyces

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19
Q

Collect urine, which continuously drains from the tips of the pyramids into the renal pelvis

A

calyces

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20
Q

artery supplying each kidney
Segmental arteries - divisions of the renal artery as it approaches the hilum

A

renal artery

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21
Q

branches of the segmental arteries that travel through the renal columns to reach the cortex

A

interlobar arteries

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22
Q

branches from the interlobar arteries in the cortex-medulla junction

A

arcuate arteries

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23
Q

branch off the arcuate arteries to supply the renal cortex

A

Cortical radiate arteries

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24
Q

True or false: Venous blood draining from the kidney’s pathways is just reverse of the arterial supply

A

True

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25
are the structural and functional units of the kidneys and are responsible for forming urine
Nephrons
26
collects fluid from several nephrons and conveys it to the renal pelvis
Collecting ducts
27
contains the glomerulus and glomerular capsule
renal corpuscle
28
a knot of capillaries
glomerulus
29
a cup-shaped hollow structure that completely surrounds the glomerulus like a well-worn baseball glove encloses a ball
Glomerular/Bowman’s capsule
30
octopus-like cells that make up the inner or visceral layer of the capsule
Podocytes
31
long branching extensions of podocytes that intertwine with one another and cling to the glomerulus
foot processes
32
openings between the processes that allow the podocytes o form a porous, or “leaky,” membrane around the glomerulus ideal for filtration
filtration slits
33
Extends from the glomerular capsule, it coils and twists before forming a hairpin loop and then again becomes coiled and twisted before entering a collecting duct
renal tubule
34
different regions of the renal tubule
proximal convoluted tube, nephron loop, distal convoluted tube
35
feeds the glomerulus
afferent arteriole
36
receives the blood as it leaves the glomerulus
efferent arteriole
37
arises from the efferent arteriole that drains the glomerulus
Peritubular capillaries
38
3 processes of urine formation
glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion
39
Nonselective, passive process in which fluid passes from the blood into the glomerular capsule part of the renal tubule
Glomerular Filtration
40
what you call the fluid once it reaches the capsule
filtrate
41
When systemic blood pressure is ___, filtrate will be formed
normal
42
If arterial blood pressure ___, glomerular pressure becomes inadequate to force substances out of the blood into the tubules, and filtrate formation stops
drops too low
43
The tubule cells take the needed substances and return it to the blood
Tubular reabsorption
44
where does tubular reabsorption occur?
Proximal convoluted tubule
45
Essentially tubular reabsorption in reverse
Tubular secretion
46
Found in high concentrations in urine excreted from the body
Nitrogenous Wastes
47
formed by the liver as an end product of protein breakdown when amino acids are used to produce energy
Urea
48
released when nucleic acids are metabolized
Uric acid
49
associated with creatine metabolism in muscle tissue
Creatinine
50
Within 24 hours, the kidneys filter some ___ liters of blood plasma through their glomeruli into the tubules
150-180
51
In the same 24 hours, only about ___ liters of urine are produced
1-1.8
52
True or false: By the time the filtrate reaches the collecting ducts, the filtrate still contains all the nutrients
False: all of its water, nutrients, and ions. What remains is urine.
53
yellow pigment that results from the body’s destruction of hemoglobin
Urochrome
54
True or false: The more solutes are in the urine, the deeper yellow its color
true
55
True or false: Vegetable can alter the odor of urine
True: Drugs, vegetables, and various diseases can alter the urine odor
56
Two slender tubes each 25 to 30 cm (10 to 12 inches) long and 6 mm (¼ inch) in diameter; connects the kidneys and bladder
Ureters
57
A smooth, collapsible, muscular sac that stores urine temporarily
urinary bladder
58
3 openings of the urinary bladder
2 urethral orifices and the urethra
59
The smooth triangular region of the bladder base outlined by these three openings
Trigone
60
3 layers of smooth muscle that comprises the bladder wall
Detrusor muscle
61
mucosa of the bladder wall
Transitional epithelium
62
Size of the bladder when it is empty
5-7.5 cm
63
Size of a moderately full bladder
12.5 cm
64
Moderately full bladder holds how much volume?
500 ml
65
True or false: When the bladder is full, it is soft and shaped like an apple
False. The bladder would be firm and pear-shaped
66
Thin-walled tube that carries urine by peristalsis from the bladder to the outside of the body
Urethra
67
keeps the urethra closed when urine is not being passed
Internal urethral sphincter
68
formed by skeletal muscle as the urethra passes through the pelvic floor; voluntarily controlled
External urethral sphincter
69
3 regions of the male urethra
prostatic, membranous, and spongy
70
Size of a woman's urethra
3-4 cm
71
Size of a man's urthra
20 cm
72
The act of emptying the bladder
Micturition
73
Percentage of water in an adult woman
50%
74
Percentage of water in an adult man
60%
75
Percentage of water in babies
75%
76
Percentage of water in older people
45%
77
main locations in the body where water occupies
Fluid compartments
78
contained in living cells and makes up two/thirds of body fluid
Intracellular fluid
79
includes all body fluids outside the cells
Extracellular fluid
80
serves as the highway that links the external and internal environments because it deliver substances
Plasma
81
True or false: If the body is to remain properly hydrated, it cannot lose more water than it takes in
True
82
driving force for water intake
thirst mechanism
83
When thirsty, the mouth also becomes dry because the ___ obtain the water they require from the blood
salivary glands
84
helps regulate the amount of water in your body by controlling the amount of water your kidneys reabsorb as they filter out waste from your blood
Antidiuretic hormone
85
second hormone that helps to regulate blood composition and blood volume by acting on the kidney
aldosterone
86
are the electrolytes most responsible for osmotic water flow
sodium ions
87
What causes edema?
when the sodium ion levels are low, water leaves the blood and enters tissues
88
most important trigger for aldosterone release
Renin-angiotensin mechanism
89
initiates the series of reactions that produce angiotensin II.
Renin
90
Causes vasoconstriction.
Angiotensin II
91
above 7.45 pH of arterial blood
Alkalosis
92
below 7.45 pH of arterial blood
Acidosis

(Q4) BE - ANA 102 (6 decks)

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