Urinary System

Question 1

functions of the urinary system

Answer 1

-to filter waste products from the body
-to regulate levels of fluids and electrolytes
-to carry urine through the system until it is excreted during the process of urination

Question 2

kidney function

Answer 2

one of 2 bean-shaped organs that remove waste products from the blood and help maintain fluid and electrolyte balance in the body

Question 3

nephron function

Answer 3

microscopic urine-producing unit; each kidney contains abt 1 million nephrons

Question 4

glomerulus function

Answer 4

one of several capillary clusters at the entrance of each nephron that initiates the process of filtering the blood

Question 5

renal pelvis function

Answer 5

a reservoir in each kidney that collects urine

Question 6

ureter function

Answer 6

one of 2 narrow tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder

Question 7

urethra function

Answer 7

tubular structure through which urine passes from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

Question 8

urinary bladder function

Answer 8

muscular organ that holds the urine until it is released

Question 9

urinary meatus function

Answer 9

opening that carries urine from the urethra to the outside of the body

Question 10

nephrologist

Answer 10

physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the kidneys

Question 11

urologist

Answer 11

physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating disease and disorders of the urinary system of females and the genitourinary system of males

Question 12

nephropathy

Answer 12

any disease of the kidney

Question 13

renal failure (kidney failure)

Answer 13

inability of one or both kidneys to perform their functions

e.g. uremia, acute renal failure, chronic kidney disease, end-stage renal disease

Question 14

nephrotic syndrome

Answer 14

group of conditions in which excessive amounts of protein are lost through the urine

e.g. edema, hyperproteinuria, hypoproteinemia

Question 15

hydronephrosis

Answer 15

dilation of kidneys

Question 16

nephritis

Answer 16

inflammation of kidneys

Question 17

glomerulonephritis

Answer 17

nephritis of glomeruli

Question 18

nephroptosis

Answer 18

floating kidneys (dropping down of a kidney)

Question 19

nephropyosis/pyonephrosis

Answer 19

suppuration of the kidney

Question 20

polycystic kidney disease

Answer 20

genetic disorder characterized by growth of numerous cysts in the kidneys

Question 21

renal colic

Answer 21

acute pain in the kidney area that is caused by blockage during the passage of a kidney stone

Question 22

kidney stones

Answer 22

an abnormal mineral deposit that has formed within the body and is named for the organ or tissue where it is located

-kidney stones form when waste products in the urine separate and crystallize
-nephrolithiasis, nephrolith, uterolith, cystolith

Question 23

anuria

Answer 23

the absence of urine formation

Question 24

diuresis

Answer 24

increased output of urine

Question 25

dysuria

Answer 25

difficult or painful urination

Question 26

enuresis

Answer 26

involuntary discharge of urine

Question 27

nocturia

Answer 27

frequent and excessive urination during night

Question 28

oliguria

Answer 28

scanty urination

Question 29

polyuria

Answer 29

excessive urination

Question 30

urinary hesitancy

Answer 30

difficulty in starting a urinary stream

Question 31

urinary incontinence

Answer 31

inability to control urine leaking

Question 32

urinalysis

Answer 32

examination of urine to determine the presence of abnormal elements

Question 33

bladder ultrasound

Answer 33

use of handheld ultrasound transducer to look for stones or for elevation of bladder

Question 34

urinary catheterization

Answer 34

insertion of a tube into the bladder to procure as terile specimen for diagnostic purposes

Question 35

cystoscopy

Answer 35

a visual examination of the urinary bladder with the use of a specialized type of endoscope called cystoscope

Question 36

nephrotomography

Answer 36

use of CAT scan to examine the kidneys

Question 37

medications to treat the urinary system

Answer 37

-diuretics: medications administered to increase urine secretion to primarily rid the body of excess water and salt -antibiotics for urinary tract infections -antispasmodics to block the signals that cause urinary incontinence

Question 38

diuretics

Answer 38

medications administered to increase urine secretion to primarily rid the body of excess water and salt

Question 39

dialysis

Answer 39

procedure to remove waste products such as urea, creatinine, and excess water from the blood of a patient whose kidneys no longer function

Question 40

hemodialysis

Answer 40

process by which waste products are filtered directly from the patient's blood - most common type of dialysis

Question 41

peritoneal dialysis

Answer 41

the lining of the peritoneal cavity acts as the filter to remove waste from the blood

Question 42

nephrolysis

Answer 42

surgical freeing of kidney from adhesions

Question 43

nephropexy

Answer 43

surgical fixation of a floating kidney

Question 44

nephrostomy

Answer 44

placement of cathether to maintain opening

Question 45

pyeloplasty

Answer 45

surgical repair of ureter and renal pelvis

Question 46

ureterectomy

Answer 46

surgical removal of a ureter

Question 47

ureteroplasty

Answer 47

surgical repair of a ureter

Question 48

ureterscopy

Answer 48

treatment for a stone lodged in the ureter

Question 49

ureterectomy

Answer 49

surgical removal of kidney

Question 50

ureteroplasty

Answer 50

surgical repair of a ureter

Question 51

ureteroscopy

Answer 51

treatment for a stone lodged in the ureter

Question 52

meatotomy

Answer 52

surgical incision made in the urethral meatus to enlarge the opening

Question 53

urethropexy

Answer 53

surgical fixation of the urethra to nearby tissue

Question 54

arf

Answer 54

acute renal failure

Question 55

bph

Answer 55

benign prostatic hyperplasia

Question 56

cath

Answer 56

catheterization

Question 57

ckd

Answer 57

chronic kidney disease

Question 58

cysto

Answer 58

cystoscopy

Question 59

dre

Answer 59

digital rectal examination

Question 60

esrd

Answer 60

end-stage renal disease

Question 61

ivp

Answer 61

intravenous pyelogram

Question 62

pkd

Answer 62

polycystic kidney disease

Question 63

turp

Answer 63

transurethral resection of the prostate

Question 64

uti

Answer 64

urinary tract infection