Urinary System

Question 1

Urinary system consists of?

Answer 1

two kidneys, two ureters, one urinary bladder, and one urethra.

Question 2

After the kidneys filter blood, they what?

Answer 2

Newly cleaned blood returns to the bloodstream by way of veins ,the remaining water and solutes form the urine

Question 3

Female Urinary System Diagram

Answer 3

Image Slide 5

Question 4

Kidneys help to maintain homeostasis through:

Answer 4

Regulation of ion levels in the blood.

Regulation of blood volume and blood pressure.

Regulation of blood pH.

Production of EPO.

Excretion of wastes.

Question 5

Kidney Structure. Kidney lies?

Answer 5

lie on either side of the vertebral column between the peritoneum and the back wall of the abdominal cavity.

Question 6

Each kidney is enclosed in a?

Answer 6

in a renal capsule, which is surrounded by adipose tissue.

Question 7

Internally, the kidneys consist of a ?

Answer 7

a renal cortex, renal medulla, renal pyramids, renal columns, major and minor calyces, and a renal pelvis.

Question 8

Blood enters the kidney through the? And leaves through the?

Answer 8

Enters through the renal artery, leaves through the renal vein.

Question 9

Filtering units of the kidney are called?

Answer 9

Nephrons

Question 10

Kidney Structure Image

Answer 10

Slide 9-10

Question 11

A nephron consists of two parts:

Answer 11

a renal corpuscle (cup) where blood plasma is filtered,

and a renal tubule into which the filtered fluid passes

Question 12

The two parts that make up a renal corpuscle are;

Answer 12

1. Glomerulus and
2. Bowmans capsule
   (also called the glomerular capsule)

Question 13

Renal Tubule.

Answer 13

The filtered fluid (the FILTRATE) first enters the glomerular capsule and then passes into the renal tubule.

Question 14

The three main sections of the renal tubule are:

Answer 14

the proximal convoluted tubule, the nephron loop, and distal convoluted tubule.

Question 15

Each nephron also has its own blood supply. T/F?

Answer 15

True

Question 16

The distal convoluted tubules of several nephrons empty into a common?

Answer 16

COLLECTING duct.

Question 17

Glomerular Filteration Image

Answer 17

Image slide 13

Question 18

3 Nephron Functions:

Answer 18

Glomerular FILTRATION
Tubular REABSORPTION
Tubular SECRETION

Question 19

Glomerular FILTRATION

Answer 19

– is the first step of urine production – blood pressure forces water and most solutes in blood plasma across the wall of glomerular capillaries

Question 20

Tubular REABSORPTION

Answer 20

– returning most of the filtered water and many of the filtered solutes to the blood, is the second basic function of the nephrons and collecting ducts

Question 21

Tubular SECRETION

Answer 21

the tubule and duct remove substances, such as wastes, drugs, and excess ions, from blood and transport them into the fluid in the renal tubules.

Question 22

Tubular reabsorption retains substances needed by the body, including WATER, IONS, GLUCOSE

Answer 22

slide 16

Question 23

enhances reabsorption of Na+ and Cl–. Angiotensin II also stimulates the adrenal cortex to release

Answer 23

Angiotensin II , to release aldosterone,

Question 24

Aldosterone does?

Answer 24

stimulates the collecting ducts to reabsorb more Na+ and therefore water comes in or H20

Question 25

inhibits reabsorption of Na+ (and Cl– and water) by the renal tubules, which reduces blood volume

Answer 25

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)

Question 26

The major hormone that regulates water reabsorption is:

Answer 26

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) via negative feedback.

Question 27

Functions of Nephron Image

Answer 27

Image Slide 18

Question 28

In normal urine = glucose should be reabsorbed , not secreted T/F

Answer 28

True

Question 29

3 primary wastes that are dump out into the urine?

Answer 29

Urea , uric acid , creatine

Question 30

Negative Feedback Regulation of Water Reabsorption by ADH Image

Answer 30

Image slide 21

Question 31

_____ produced by the nephrons nephrons drains into the minor calyces

Answer 31

urine produced

Question 32

minor calyces, which join to become major calyces that unite to form the ____ _____

Answer 32

renal pelvis

Question 33

From the urine pelvis, what happens next?

Answer 33

urine drains first into the ureter and then into the urinary bladder; urine is then discharged from the body through the urethra (draw a flow chart)

Question 34

The two ____ do what?

Answer 34

two ureters (one per kidney) transport urine from the renal pelves of the right and left kidneys to the urinary bladder.

Question 35

The wall of the ureters consists of 3 layers:

Answer 35

transitional epithelium on the inside (mucosa), smooth muscle in the middle, and an outer layer of areolar connective tissue.

Question 36

The urinary bladder characteristics, function?

Answer 36

hollow muscular organ in the pelvic cavity Its function is to store urine prior to elimination (micturation).

Question 37

___ contains transitional epithelium and rugae (folds and ridges).

Answer 37

mucosa

Question 38

muscular layer of the wall consists of three layers of smooth muscle called?

Answer 38

the detrusor muscle. The outer coat is a fibrous covering.

Question 39

The wall of the ureters consists of 3 layers:

Answer 39

transitional epithelium on the inside (mucosa), smooth muscle in the middle, and an outer layer of areolar connective tissue.

Question 40

The urinary bladder function?

Answer 40

Its function is to store urine prior to elimination (micturation).

Question 41

the _____, the terminal portion of the urinary system, is a small tube leading from the floor of the urinary bladder to the exterior of the body

Answer 41

urethra

Question 42

Where does the urethra lie in females?

Answer 42

it lies directly behind the pubic symphysis and is embedded in the front wall of the vagina, between the clitoris and vaginal opening.

Question 43

Where does the urethra lie in males?

Answer 43

the urethra passes vertically through the prostate, the deep perineal muscles, and finally the penis.

Question 44

______ ______discharges urine from the urinary bladder through contraction of the detrusor muscle and relaxation of the internal urethral sphincter muscle, and by inhibition of the external urethral sphincter

Answer 44

The micturition reflex (image 26)

Question 45

Physical Characteristics of urine

Answer 45

Concentrated urine is a darker yellow …. Turbidity = urine should be transparent Odor = mildly aromatic pH = between 4.6 ph and 8.0 pH = pee is normally 6 ph Specific gravity = specific gravity .. Ratio of the weight of a volume of a substance to the weight Chart slide 27

Question 46

With aging, the kidneys _____ in size, have more or less blood flow? Filter more or less blood?

Answer 46

atrophy in size have a less blood flow filter less blood

Question 47

Common problems related to aging include ?

Answer 47

urinary tract infections, increased frequency of urination, urinary retention or incontinence, acute and chronic kidney inflammations and renal calculi (kidney stones ).