Urinary System

Question 1

what can cause increase rbc in urine

Answer 1

hemorrhage, inflammation, necrosis, trauma, ect…

Question 2

what causes fatty cast in urine

Answer 2

nephrotic syndrome
crush injuries

Question 3

most commonly received specimen; collected at anytime

Answer 3

Random Specimen

Question 4

normal specific gravity

Answer 4

1.002 - 1.035

Question 5

composition of hyaline cast

Answer 5

Tamm-horsfall

Question 6

number of particles of solute per unit of solution

Answer 6

osmolality

Question 7

in dipstick method, what takes the longest and how long a test takes

Answer 7

Leucocyte esterase for 2 mins

Question 8

ideal screening specimen

Answer 8

First Morning Specimen

Question 9

describe triple phosphate crystal

Answer 9

coffin-lid

Question 10

average adult urine volume

Answer 10

600 to 2000 m/day

Question 11

normal WBCs count

Answer 11

> 5 wbc/hpf

Question 12

proteinuria qualification for moderate proteinuria

Answer 12

1-4 g/day

Question 13

confirmatory test for ketones

Answer 13

nitroprusside table test

Question 14

if pseudomonas is present, what is the color of the urine?

Answer 14

Green / blue green

Question 15

urine specimen used for pediatric specimen

Answer 15

routine specimen, catheterized, suprapubic aspiration

Question 16

how to identify fatty cast

Answer 16

• highly refractile
  -if polarized, Maltis cross is visible

Question 17

specimen best used for pregnancy test

Answer 17

First-morning Specimen

Question 18

negative nitrate, no change in color, showing UTI, and positive in Leucocyte esterase still indicate that urine has infection. what makes the nitrite negative if bacteria/infraction is present?

Answer 18

there are some bacteria that has less or does not produce nitrite

Question 19

describe clue cells

Answer 19

surface and edges contain gardnerella vaginalis

Question 20

• a direct method for measuring SG
• a method that utilizes a specially designed column filled with water immiscinle oil

Answer 20

falling drop method

Question 21

predominant leucocyte seen in urine

Answer 21

Neutrophil

Question 22

normal urine pH

Answer 22

4.6 - 8.0

Question 23

urine is obtained by a needle through the abdomen into to bladder

Answer 23

Suprapubic Aspiration

Question 24

the time the urine specimen be delivered to the laboratory and tested

Answer 24

within 2 hours

Question 25

an accurate quantitative test

Answer 25

24 hr urine

Question 26

it regulates the balance between water and electrolytes and the acid-base balance

Answer 26

Urinary System

Question 27

in osmolality, what is the normal intake in normal adult

Answer 27

500 - 850 mOsm/kg

Question 28

normal count of glucose in urine

Answer 28

180 - 200 mg/dL

Question 29

responsible for the yellow color of the urine and is considered the normal color of uri

Answer 29

urochrome

Question 30

normal odor of urine

Answer 30

faint, aromatic odor of undetermined source

Question 31

principle of urine dipstick automatically

Answer 31

Reflectometer/reflectometry

Question 32

a chemical procedure to screen weathera subject abuses drugs and to identify specific drug being used

Answer 32

drug testing

Question 33

Recommend tube size

Answer 33

10 - 15ml

Question 34

>2000 ml/24 hr signifies

Answer 34

Polyuria

Question 35

what is the step to do when the specimen cannot be tested right away

Answer 35

Refrigerate

Question 36

what makes the nitrate positive in test

Answer 36

presence of bacteria

Question 37

what is the recommended capacity of container used in urine specimen

Answer 37

50 ml

Question 38

how to collect pre and post massage test

Answer 38

1st. collect midstream clean-catch 2nd. perform prostatic massage 3rd. collect 2nd specimen

Question 39

most frequently observed cast

Answer 39

hyaline cast

Question 40

the process that provides documentation of proper sample identification from the time of collection to the receipt of laboratory results

Answer 40

chain fo custody (coc)

Question 41

differentiate rbc from yeast

Answer 41

- yeast Is observed in budding formation and the presence of nucleus - yeast are smaller than rbc

Question 42

differentiate pathologic and non pathologic turbidity

Answer 42

the presence of bacteria, infection, disease and contamination in pathologic turbid urine while non for non-pathologic

Question 43

the fat globules appear in the urine

Answer 43

Lipiduria

Question 44

what do you call wbc during hypotonic urine

Answer 44

Glitter cells

Question 45

what is indicates an orange reaction in dipstick

Answer 45

Urobilinogen

Question 46

confirmatory test for bilirubin

Answer 46

Diazo Table test

Question 47

proteinuria qualification for heavy proteinuria

Answer 47

>4 g/day

Question 48

functional unit of the kidney

Answer 48

Nephrons

Question 49

what is the meaning of false-positive and false-negative for glucose

Answer 49

- False-positive: strongly oxidizing clearing agent in the urine container - False-negative: sodium fluoride, highly specific gravity, ascorbic acid

Question 50

proteinuria qualification for minimal proteinuria

Answer 50

>4 g/day

Question 51

method to detect reducing sugar in urine

Answer 51

Copper reduction test

Question 52

confirmatory test for proteinuria/ protein

Answer 52

precipitation method

Question 53

normal rbc count

Answer 53

0 - 2 rbc/hpf

Question 54

describe calcium oxalate crystals

Answer 54

octahedral

Question 55

describe ammonium biurate crystals

Answer 55

pink - brownish granules, no definite shape

Question 56

how to do 24 hr urine

Answer 56

1st. discard first voided urine 2nd. start collect urine sample after discarding 1st voided 3rd. collect last urine sample - refrigerate and add preservatives - transfer urine to lab - should be tested within 2 hrs

Question 57

an alternative to catheterized specimen that is a safer and less traumatic method for obtaining urine for bacterial culture and routine urinalysis

Answer 57

Midstream Clean-catch

Question 58

what are the crystals found in normal acidic urine

Answer 58

uric acid, amorphous urates, calcium oxalate

Question 59

describe and define chyuria

Answer 59

- urine contain lymph - appears milky - cause by obstraction of rupture of lyphatic vessels - associated with W. broncrofti (filiariasis)

Question 60

test takes the shortest and how short the test takes

Answer 60

Glucose for 30 secs

Question 61

methods to identify specific gravity

Answer 61

reagent strip, reflectometer, urinometer, falling drop method

Question 62

primary method for chemical exam of urine

Answer 62

reagent strip

Question 63

substances that will cause red color in urine

Answer 63

hemoglobin

Question 64

what is the principle for reagent strip for detecting pH

Answer 64

protein error

Question 65

measures reflective index solution

Answer 65

reflectometry

Question 66

how can you identify positive in three glass collection

Answer 66

- if 2nd specimen is positive, disregard 3rd specimen as it may appear as the 3rd specimen is contaminated - 3rd specimen is considered positive only when the wbc/hpf count is 10x the 1st specimen

Question 67

normal urine protein content

Answer 67

2 to 10 mg

Question 68

Levels of proteinuria

Answer 68

- Minimal Proteinuria: <4 g/day - Moderate Proteinuria: 1 - 4 g/day - Heavy Proteinuria: >4 g/day

Question 69

what is the most common urine specimen for bacterial culture

Answer 69

Catherterized Specimen