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ANAPHY LEC > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main parts of Urinary System?

A

Kidney
Ureter
Urinary bladder
Urethra

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2
Q

This happens in urinary system the ureters transport urine to _________________

A

urinary bladder

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3
Q

Urinary bladder stores what?

A

Urine

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4
Q

True or False

The kidneys transports urine to the outside of the body

A

FALSE

The URETHRA transports urine to the outside of the body.

The kidneys PRODUCE urine

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5
Q

Functions of Urinary System

A
  • Excretion
  • Regulate blood volume and pressure
  • Regulation of the concentration of solutes in blood
  • Regulation of extracellular fluid pH
  • Regulation of RBC synthesis
  • Vitamin D production
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6
Q

What are the two layers of the kidney?

A

Cortex & Medulla

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7
Q

This leads to the ureter

A

Renal pelvis

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8
Q

This is the structural and functional units of kidneys and also responsible for forming urine

A

Nephrons

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9
Q

What are the main structures of the nephrons?

A

Glomerulus
Renal tubule

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10
Q

This nephrons is located in the cortex and has 85% of total nephrons.

A

Cortical nephrons

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11
Q

This nephrons have extensive thin segments and also involved in the production of concentrated urine. ________________ nephrons are located at the cortex-medulla junction

A

Juxtamedullary nephrons

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11
Q

____________ has an outer parietal layer and an inner visceral layer consisting of podocytes.

A

Bowman’s capsule

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12
Q

True or False

The filtration membrane consists of:
- Endothelium of glomebular capillaries
- Base membrane
- Podocytes

A

FALSE

The filtration membrane consists of:
- Endothelium of GLOMERULAR capillaries
- BASEMENT membrane
- Podocytes

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13
Q

Every nephron has two capillary bed, and this are _________ and _____________

A

Glomerulus and Peritubular capillaries

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13
Q

True or False

Each glomerulus is fed by an efferent arteriole and drained by an afferent arteriole

A

FALSE

FED - AFFERENT
DRAINED - EFFERENT

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13
Q

Arterioles are high-resistance vessels is one of the reasons why the _________________ in glomerulus is high.

A

Blood pressure

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13
Q

_________ and _________ are forced out of the blood throughout the entire length of the glomerulus.

A

Fluids and solutes

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14
Q

Aside from the arterioles are high-resistance vessels, what is the other reason for a high blood pressure in the glomerulus?

A

Afferent arterioles have larger diameters than efferent arterioles

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15
Q

What are the three urine formation processes?

A

Filtration
Reabsorption
Secretion

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16
Q

This contains metabolic wastes and unneeded substances.

17
Q

True or False

The ureter filter the body’s entire plasma volume 70 times each day

A

FALSE

The KIDNEY filter the body’s entire plasma volume 60 times each day

18
Q

It is the responsible for filtrate formation.

A

Filtration pressure

19
Q

The ________________________ is the amount of filtrate produce per minute

A

Glomerular filtration rate

20
Q

True or False

Sympathetic stimulation increases renal blood flow and afferent arteriole diameter

A

FALSE

Sympathetic stimulation DECREASES renal blood flow and afferent arteriole diameter

21
Autoregulation dampens systemic blood pressure changes by altering _________ arteriole diameter
afferent
22
There is a ______________ concentration gradient from the cortex to the tip of renal pyramids.
medullary
23
Where are the transported substances moves through?
membrane
24
Only Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, and some Na+ are reabsorbed via _______________________
paracellular pathways
25
Filtrate is reabsorbed by _________, _______________, __________________, form the nephron and collecting ducts into the peritubular capillaries and vasa recta
diffusion facilitated diffusion active transport
26
How many percent of filtrate water and NaCl reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule?
65%
27
The _______ limb of the loop of Henle reabsorbs 25% of filtrate NaCl
ascending
28
True or False The descending limb of the loop of Henle reabsorbs 15% of filtrate NaCl
FALSE The descending limb of the loop of Henle reabsorbs 15% of filtrate WATER
29
This is secreted by the posterior pituitary and inhibits diuresis. It also increases water permeability in the distal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts.
Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
30
An increase in blood osmolality or a significant decrease in blood pressure stimulates ____________ ADH secretion
increased
31
This is produced by the kidneys, causes the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I
Renin
31
It is converting enzyme converts angiotensin I into angiotensin II, which stimulates aldosterone secretion from the adrenal cortex
Angiotensin
32
This affects Na+ and Cl- transport in the nephron and collecting ducts by stimulating an increase in transport proteins
Aldosterone
33
Decrease in blood pressure results in _________ renin and aldosterone secretion, Na+ reabsorption, blood volume, and blood pressure
Increased Vice versa if blood pressure increases the factors deacreased
34
It is produced by the heart when blood pressure increases and it also inhibits ADH secretion and dilates arteries and veins.
Atrial Natriuretic Hormone (ANH)
35
What are the walls of the ureter and urinary bladder?
Epithelium Lamina propria Muscular coat Fibrous adventitia
36
_______________ moves urine through the ureters
Peristalsis
37
What is the effect of increased in osmolality or decrease in blood pressure on water intake?
Increased thirst
38
This is where the renal artery and nerves enter and where the renal vein, ureter, and lymphatic vessels exit the kidney.
Hilum
39
The hilum opens into a cavity called the _____________, which contains blood vessels, part of the system for collecting urine and adipose tissue
Renal sinus
39
These are a collection of tubes and ducts that transport fluid throughout the kidney and modify it into urine.
Renal pyramids
40
The filtration portion of the nephron is housed in the ____________
renal corpuscle
41
What are the three pressure that contributes to filtration pressure?
Glomerular capillary pressure Capsular pressure Colloid osmotic pressure
42
Glomerular capillary pressure minus Capsular pressure minus Colloid osmotic pressure equals to the total of ________________
Filtration pressure

ANAPHY LEC (9 decks)

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