Urinary System

Question 1

Renal Artery

Answer 1

Carries blood from the heart to the kidneys.

Question 2

Renal Hilum

Answer 2

The entry point for blood to get into the kidneys.

Question 3

Renal Vein

Answer 3

Drain the kidneys for circulatory drainage.

Question 4

Kidney

Answer 4

Filtration of your blood. Remove waste and return clean blood back into the body.

Question 5

Ureter

Answer 5

Drain urine from the kidneys by peristalsis to the bladder for temporary storage.

Question 6

Urinary bladder

Answer 6

Storage place for your urine.

Question 7

Urethra

Answer 7

Drains the bladder of urine.

Question 8

What is the process of the blood going from the renal artery to the renal vein?

Answer 8

Renal arteries –> 5 segmental arteries –> renal hilum –> lobar arteries –> interlobar arteries –> arcuate arteries –> coritical radiate arteries –> afferant arterials (glomeruli and pertubular capillary beds) –> cortical radiate veins –> arcuate veins –> interlobar veins –> renal vein.

Question 9

Kidneys dispose of what waste products in the urine?

Answer 9

Nitrogenous wastes, toxins, drugs, and excess ions.

Question 10

What are the kidney’s regulatory functions?

Answer 10

1. Production of renin to maintain blood pressure.
2. Production of erythropoietin to stimulate red blood cell production.
3. Conversion of vitamin D to its active form.

Question 11

What are the four organs of the urinary system?

Answer 11

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra.

Question 12

What are the three protective layers that enclose the kidney?

Answer 12

Fibrous capsule, perirenal fat, renal fascia.

Question 13

What is the fibrous capsule?

Answer 13

It encloses each kidney.

Question 14

What is the perirenal fat capsule?

Answer 14

Surrounds each kidney and cushions against blows.

Question 15

What is the renal fascia?

Answer 15

Superficial layer that anchors the kidney and adrenal gland to the surrounding structors.

Question 16

What are the three regions of the kidney structure?

Answer 16

Renal cortex, renal medulla, and renal pelvis.

Question 17

What is the blood flow through the kidney?

Answer 17

Aaorta –> renal artery –> segmental artery –> interlobar artery –> arcuate artery –> cortical radiate artery –> afferent arteriole –> glomerulus –> efferent arteriole –> peritubular capillaries –> cortical radiate vein –> arcuate vein –> interlobar vein –> renal vein –> inferior vena cava

Question 18

What are nephrons?

Answer 18

Structural and functional units of the kidney, each kidney contains over a million nephrons.

Question 19

What two structures do nephrons contain?

Answer 19

Renal corpuscle and renal tubule.

Question 20

What does the renal corpuscle consist of?

Answer 20

Glomerulus - deals with filtration.
Bowman’s capsule - first part of the renal tubule.

Question 21

What are the subdivisions of the renal tubule?

Answer 21

Proximal convoluted tubule, nephron loop of henle, distal convoluted tubule.

Question 22

What are the differences between cotical nephrons and juxtamedullary nephrons?

Answer 22

Cortical nephrons are located entirely in the cortex and include most nephrons. Juxtamedullary nephrons are found at the cortex-medulla junction and the nephron loop digs deep into the medulla.

Question 23

What are the two capillary beds associated with each nephron?

Answer 23

Glomerulus and peritubular capillary bed.

Question 24

What is the glomerulus primarily used for?

Answer 24

FILTRATION! Fed and drained by the efferent and afferent arterioles. High pressure forces fluid and solutes out of blood.

Question 25

What is the peritubular capillary beds primarily used for?

Answer 25

ABSORPTION! Receives solutes and water from the tubule cells. Low pressure system.

Question 26

Urine formation is the result of what three processes?

Answer 26

Glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion.

Question 27

If arterial blood pressure is too low, will filtration stop or continue?

Answer 27

Stop because glomerular pressure will be too low to form filtrate.

Question 28

What are nitrogenous wastes?

Answer 28

Poorly reabsorbed, tend to remain in the filtrate and excrete from body through urine.

Question 29

What is urea?

Answer 29

End product of protein breakdown.

Question 30

What is uric acid?

Answer 30

Results from nucleic acid metabolism.

Question 31

What is creatinine?

Answer 31

Associated with creatine metabolism in muscles.

Question 32

What is the difference between urine and filtrate?

Answer 32

Filtrate contains everything that blood plasma does (except proteins) and urine is what remains after the filtrate has lost most of the water, nutrients, and necessary ions.

Question 33

What solutes are found in urine?

Answer 33

Sodium and potassium ions, urea, uric acid, creatinine, ammonia, bicarb.

Question 34

Solutes NOT found in urine?

Answer 34

Glucose, blood proteins, red blood cells, HGB, WBC, Bile