URINARY SYSTEM

Question 1

What is the primary cause of CYSTITIS?

Answer 1

Bacterial invasion by Escherichia coli

Cystitis refers specifically to inflammation of the bladder.

Question 2

Who are more commonly affected by urinary tract infections (UTIs)?

Answer 2

Women

UTIs are significantly more prevalent in women due to anatomical differences.

Question 3

What is the pathophysiology of a UTI?

Answer 3

The invading organism ascends the urinary tract, irritating the mucosa

This irritation leads to the characteristic symptoms of a UTI.

Question 4

What are the clinical manifestations of a UTI?

Answer 4

• Low-grade fever
• Low back pain
• Suprapubic pain
• Pain/burning on urination
• Incomplete emptying of bladder
• Cloudy, dark, and foul smelling urine

These symptoms vary in severity among individuals.

Question 5

What laboratory tests are used to diagnose a UTI?

Answer 5

• Urinalysis
• Urine Culture

Both tests typically show positive results for WBC, RBC, pus, and bacteria.

Question 6

What nursing management strategies should be employed for a UTI?

Answer 6

• Administer antibiotics as ordered
• Provide warm baths
• Force fluids (3 liters per day)
• Encourage measures to acidify urine

Acidifying urine can help alleviate symptoms and prevent future infections.

Question 7

What is a key nursing intervention to alleviate painful voiding?

Answer 7

Allow client to void in warm baths

This method can provide comfort during urination.

Question 8

What are some predisposing factors for UTIs?

Answer 8

• Poor hygiene
• Irritation from bubble baths
• Urinary reflux
• Instrumentation
• Residual urine, urinary stasis
• Dehydration

Understanding these factors can help in prevention strategies.

Question 9

Fill in the blank: _______ are effective against E. coli and are highly concentrated in urine.

Answer 9

Sulfa drugs

Sulfa drugs are a common treatment option for UTIs.

Question 10

What dietary recommendations can help manage a UTI?

Answer 10

• Increase intake of cranberry juice
• Maintain an acid-ash diet

Both can help acidify urine, which may reduce symptoms.

Question 11

True or False: Urethritis is inflammation of the urethra.

Answer 11

True

Urethritis is one of the conditions associated with UTIs.

Question 12

What is a common recommendation for girls to prevent UTIs?

Answer 12

Wipe perineum from front to back

This practice helps to reduce the risk of bacterial contamination.

Question 13

URETHRITIS

Question 15

Inflammation of the urethra commonly associated with a sexually transmitted disease; may occur with cystitis.

Question 17

In men

Answer 17

urethritis most often is caused by gonorrhea or chlamydial infection.

Question 19

In women

Answer 19

urethritis most often is caused by feminine hygiene sprays

Question 21

Clinical Manifestations

Question 23

Pain or burning on urination

Question 25

Frequency and urgency

Question 27

Nocturia

Question 29

O Difficulty voiding

Question 31

Males may have clear to mucopurulent discharge from the penis.

Question 33

Females may have lower abdominal discomfort.

Question 35

Nursing Management

Question 37

Encourage fluid intake.

Question 39

Prepare the client for testing to determine whether a sexually transmitted infection (STI) is present.

Question 41

Administer antibiotics as prescribed.

Question 43

Instruct the client in the administration of sitz or tub baths.

Question 45

If stricture occurs

Answer 45

prepare the client for dilation of the urethra and instillation of an antiseptic solution.

Question 47

。 Instruct the female client to avoid the use of perfumed toilet paper or sanitary napkins and feminine hygiene sprays.

Question 49

Instruct the client to avoid intercourse until the symptoms subside or treatment of the STI is complete.

Question 51

O Instruct the client about STIs if this is the cause.

Question 53

URETERITIS

Question 55

An inflammation of the ureter commonly associated with bacterial or viral infections and pyelonephritis

Question 57

Clinical Manifestations

Question 59

Dysuria

Question 61

Frequent urination

Question 63

Clear to mucopurulent penile discharge in males

Question 65

Nursing Management

Question 67

Treatment includes identifying and treating the underlying cause and providing symptomatic relief.

Question 69

Administer metronidazole (Flagyl) or clotrimazole (Mycelex) as prescribed for treating Trichomonas infection.

Question 71

Administer nystatin (Mycostatin) or fluconazole (Diflucan) as prescribed for treating yeast infections.