Urinary System Flashcards
(172 cards)
1
Q
Urin(o)
A
Urine
2
Q
The organs and ducts that are involved in the secretion and elimination of urine from the body are referred to as the…
A
Urinary Tract
3
Q
The average kidney is about __ cm long and __ cm wide.
A
11; 6
4
Q
The average kidney weighs about __ grams.
A
145
5
Q
Ren(o)
A
Kidney
6
Q
Nephr(o)
A
Kidney
7
Q
Nephrectomy
A
Surgical excision of a kidney
8
Q
Nephromegaly
A
Enlargement of a kidney
9
Q
Determine the efficiency with which the kidneys excrete a particular substance; Diagnostic evaluation of the kidneys
A
Renal Clearance Test
10
Q
Accumulation of waste products in the blood owing to inadequate functioning of the urinary system
A
Uremia
11
Q
The process of diffusing blood through a semipermeable membrane for the purpose of removing toxic materials and maintaining acid-base balance in cases of impaired kidney function
A
Kidney dialysis or Hemodialysis
12
Q
Dialysis through the peritoneum, the dialyzing solution being introduced into and removed from the peritoneal cavity; Alternative to hemodialysis
A
Peritoneal Dialysis
13
Q
Making a record of the urinary system
A
Urography
14
Q
Ureter(o)
A
Ureter
15
Q
Pertaining to a cyst or fluid-filled sac such as the bladder
A
Cystic
16
Q
Urethr(o)
A
Urethra
17
Q
inflammation of the kidney; also called Bright’s disease
A
Nephritis
18
Q
Most usual form of nephritis
A
Glomerulonephritis
19
Q
clusters of capillaries that act as filters
A
Glomeruli
20
Q
Toxic or destructive to kidney cells
A
Neprhrotoxic
21
Q
Destruction of the kidney
A
Nephrolysis
22
Q
Freeing of a kidney from adhesions
A
Nephrolysis
23
Q
Pertaining to the heart and kidneys
A
Cardionephric
24
Q
Abnormal softening of the kidney
A
Nephromalacia
25
Enlargement of the kidney
Nephromegaly
26
Enlargement of one kidney
Unilateral nephromegaly
27
Enlargement of both kidneys
Bilateral nephromegaly
28
Ultrasonic scanning of the kidney
Nephrosonography
29
Tomography of the kidney
Nephrotomography
30
Film produced by nephrotomography
Nephrotomogram
31
Surgical fixation of the kidney
Nephropexy
32
A condition in which the kidney gradually ceases to remove metabolic wastes and excessive water from the blood. Uremia is a major characteristic. Kidney impairment is not reversible once the disease progresses to the end stage
Chronic Renal Failure (CRF)
33
Gradual downward displacement of the kidney. Also called floating, hypermobile, or wandering kidney. Can occur when the kidney supports are weakened by sudden strain or a blow, or it may be present at birth. Can be corrected by nephropexy
Nephroptosis
34
Sclerosis or hardening of the artery
Nephrosclerosis
35
Any disease of the kidney characterized by degenerative changes, especially the renal tubules, without the occurrence of inflammation
Nephrosis
36
A classification that includes all diseases of the kidney characterized by chronic loss of protein in the urine and subsequent depletion of body protein, especially albumin
Nephrotic syndrome
37
A renal disorder in which the kidneys are enlarged and contain many cysts. Also called polycystic renal disease
Polycystic Kidney Disease
38
Inflammation of the kidney and its renal pelvis, owing to infection
Pyelonephritis
39
Destruction of the kidney characterized by the production of pus with total or almost complete loss of renal function
Pyonephrosis
40
Severe narrowing of the renal artery, thus reducing blood flow to the kidney
Renal artery stenosis
41
Formation of urinary calculi
Urolithiasis
42
Pyel(o)
Renal pelvis
43
Py(o)
Pus
44
Pertaining to the blood vessels of the kidney
Renovascular
45
Another name for renal calculus or kidney stone
Nephrolith
46
Removal of a renal calculi by cutting through the body of the kidney
Nephrolithotomy
47
Dissolving a stone
Litholysis
48
Surgical crushing of a stone
lithotripsy
49
A stone is crushed with an instrument called a...
lithotrite
50
Newer method of breaking up stones; used on stones that resist passage and is far less incapacitating than a full-scale surgery
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)
51
Requires the use of an instrument that is inserted into a small incision in the renal pelvis and allows the nephrologist to view inside the kidney
Nephroscopy
52
Creation of a new opening in the kidney
nephrostomy
53
The skin is punctured to gain access to the kidney and then a catheter is placed into the renal pelvis; allows for drainage, drug installation, and selected surgical procedures, including removal of calculi
Percutaneous Catheter Nephrostomy
54
Distention of the renal pelvis with urine as a result of an obstructed ureter
Hydronephrosis
55
Loss of kidney function
Renal Failure
56
Radiographic study of the blood vessels of the kidney
Renal angiography
57
A kidney's functional units; its components are glomerulus and tubules
Nephrons
58
Glomerul(o)
Glomerulus
59
A type of inflammation of the kidney in which the glomeruli are involved
Glomerulonephritis
60
Serves as a filter for the blood; allows water, salts, wastes, and practically everything except blood cells and proteins to pass through its thin walls
Glomerulus
61
Collects the substances that filter through the glomecular walls and passes them to the long twisted tube, the tubule
Bowman's Capsule
62
The part of the renal tubule that is near the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule is the...
Proximal Tubule
63
The function of the nephron is...
filtering of the blood and reabsorption of substances that the body conserves
64
Filtering occurs in what part of the nephron?
Glomerulus
65
In what part of the nephron does reabsorption occur?
Tubule
66
Inflammation of the renal pelvis
Pyelitis
67
Formation of a new opening into the renal pelvis
Pyelostomy
68
Surgical procedure to remove a stone from the renal pelvis
Pyelithotomy
69
Plastic repair of the renal pelvis
Pyeloplasty
70
A contrast medium is injected into the vein at particular times and x-ray films are taken to observe kidney function
Intravenous Pyelogram
71
Ureter(o)
Ureter
72
After the urine collects in the renal pelvis, it drains to the bladder by passing through a tube called the...
Ureter
73
Presence of stones in a ureter
Ureterolithiasis
74
Removal of a stone from the ureter by incision
Ureterolithotomy
75
Surgical removal of a ureter or part of it
Ureterectomy
76
Inflammation of a ureter
Ureteritis
77
Narrowing of a ureter
Ureterostenosis
78
Abnormal distention of a ureter with urine or watery fluid owing to obstruction
Hyrdroureter
79
If a stone is in the upper part of the ureter, the condition may cause
Hydronephrosis
80
Formation of a new opening in a ureter
Ureterostomy
81
Formation of a connection from one ureter to another; end-to-end anastomosis of two portions of a transected ureter
Ureteroureterostomy
82
Surgical repair of a ureter
Ureteroplasty
83
Percutaneous openings are made into the renal pelvis and urine is diverted to bags
Nephrostomy
84
Both ureters are brought out onto the skin for drainage of urine into bags
Bilateral ureterostomy
85
One ureter is surgically attached to the other ureter which is brought out onto the skin for drainage of urine into a bag
Ureteroureterostomy
86
Surgical excision of a kidney with the ureter
Nephroureterectomy
87
Inflammation of a ureter and renal pelvis
Ureteropyelitis
88
Any disease of the ureter
Ureteropathy
89
Hernia of the ureter
Ureterocele
90
Hernia of the kidney
Nephrocele
91
Cyst(o)
Bladder or sac
92
Paralysis of the bladder
Cystoplegia
93
Surgical repair of the bladder
Cystoplasty
94
Visual examination of the bladder using special equipment; a hollow metal tube is passed through the urethra and into the bladder
Cystoscopy
95
Any growth of mass protruding from a mucous membrane
polyp
96
A growth protruding from the lining of the bladder
Bladder Polyp
97
Formation of a new opening into the bladder
Cystostomy
98
Incision of the bladder
Cystotomy
99
Involves surgical transplantation of the ureter to a different site in the bladder
Ureteroneocystostomy or Ureterocystostomy
100
Calculus in the urinary bladder
Cystolith
101
Removal of a calculus by incision of the urinary bladder
Cystolithotomy or Cystolithectomy
102
Inflammation of the bladder
Cystitis
103
Discharge from the bladder
Cystorrhea
104
Herniation of the bladder; bladder hernia protrudes into the vagina
Cystocele
105
Opening to the outside from the urethra is called the...
Urinary meatus
106
Terms that are often used to describe urination patterns
Urgency, frequency, hesitation
107
Roentgenography of the urethra
Urethrography
108
Inflammation of the urethra
Urethritis
109
Inflammation of the urethra and bladder
Urethrocystitis or Cystourethritis
110
Pertaining to the rectum and urethra
Rectourethral or Urethrorectal
111
Surgical incision of the urethra
Urethrotomy
112
Herniation of the urethra
Urethrocele
113
Spasm of the urethra
Urethrospasm
114
Through the urethra
Transurethral
115
Is transurethral surgery open or closed surgery?
Closed surgery
116
Small pieces of tissue from a nearby structure are removed through the wall of the urethra
Transurethral resection
117
Performed of the prostate gland in males by means of an instrument passed through the wall of the urethra
Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)
118
Discharge from the urethra
Urethrorrhea
119
Urethral hemorrhage
Urethrorrhagia
120
Rupture of the bladder
Cystorrhexis
121
Suture of the kidney
Nephrorrhaphy
122
Pertain to both the genitals and urinary tract
Genitourinary or Urogenital
123
A sexually transmitted disease characterized by a heavy discharge from the vagina or from the urethra in either males or females
Gonorrhea
124
Sexually transmitted diseases were formerly called..
Venereal diseases
125
Gon(o)
genitals or reproduction
126
Microorganism that causes gonorrhea
gonococcus
127
Symptoms of gonorrhea
Vaginitis, urethritis, accompanied by heavy discharge and dysuria
128
A single-celled microorganism that lacks a nucleus
Bacterium
129
Bacteria is classified according to their shape as...
Cocci, bacilli, spirilla
130
Spherical bacteria
Cocci
131
Rod-shaped bacteria
Bacilli
132
Spiral-shaped bacteria
Spirilla
133
a special staining technique that serves as a primary means of identifying and classifying bacteria
The Gram's stain
134
Gram-positive bacteria appear
violet
135
Gram-negative bacteria appear
pink or red
136
Strept(o)
Twisted
137
In strep throat, inflammation of the throat is caused by what type of bacteria?
Streptococci
138
Presence of streptococci in the blood
Streptococcemia
139
Staphyl(o)
Grapelike cluster; uvula
140
Inflammation of the uvula
Staphylitis
141
Surgical removal of the uvula
Staphylectomy
142
Staphylococci in the blood
Staphylococcemia
143
Skin condition caused by staphylococcus
Staphyloderma
144
Cocci in pairs
Diplococci
145
Dipl(o)
Double
146
Nos(o)
disease
147
Pertaining to or originating in a hospital
Nosocomial
148
Cocci in pairs that are found within white blood cells
Intracellular diplococci
149
Technique of growing microorganisms, done for the purpose of identifying the pathogen is called...
culturing
150
C & S
Culture and Sensitivity test
151
Are UTIs more common in men or in women?
Women
152
Treatment of urinary tract infections
Antibiotics, analgesics, and increased intake of water
153
Organism that causes syphilis
Spirochete
154
Examination of the urine
Urinalysis
155
Blood in the urine
Hematuria
156
A nitrogen compound that is the final product of protein metabolism
Urea
157
Protein in the urine
Proteinuria
158
Albumin(o)
Albumin
159
Albumin in the urine
Albuminuria
160
Pus in the urine
Pyuria
161
Sugar in the urine
Glycosuria
162
Ket(o) or Keton(o)
Ketone bodies
163
Ketones in the urine
Ketonuria
164
Normal end products of lipid metabolism in the body
Ketone bodies
165
Acidosis accompanied by an accumulation of ketones in the body
ketoacidosis
166
Ability to control bladder or bowel function
Continence
167
Inability to control urination
Urinary incontinence or Enuresis
168
Excessive urination at night
Nocturia or nycturia
169
Increased or excessive urination
Polyuria or diuresis
170
Absence of urination
anuria
171
Olig(o)
Few
172
Diminished urine production of less than 500 mL per day
Oliguria
