Urinary System Flashcards
urinary organs (4)
urinary organs
- kidneys
- ureters
- urniary bladder
- urethra
functions of urinary system (5)
functions of urinary system
- water and electrolyte hemostasis
- filtration of blood
- reabsorption of water and solutes
- regulation of fluid balance
- electrolytes homeostasis and acid/base balance
- excretion of waste products and excess water
- renin ad EPO hormones
- regulation of blood pressure
- activation of vitamin D
Kidney
Kidney
- functional unit of a kidney is a nephron
- osmoregulate via filtration and selective reabsorption of water
- note diagram
Identify
Identify and explain
Kidney flow chart: elements
Nephron
Nephron= functional unit of the kidney
- composed of…
- glomerulus
- all tubule segments through the connecting segment
- not collecting ducts or tubules
Identify and explain
Renal corpuscles
- structure
- glomerulus
- bowman’s capsule= glomerular capsule
- 4 types of cells
- podocytes- visceral layer of capsule
- squamous cells- parietal layer of capsule
- endothelial cells- fenestrated glomerular capillaries
- mesangial cells- between fenestrated capillaries (phagocytic cells)
- vascular pole vs. urinary pole
vascular pole-
urinary pole-filtrate is collected and sent into proximal convoluted tubule
outside lumen= urinary space
podocytes- involved in filtration. small projections are called pedicels
Identify and explain
blood- urine barrier (3)
glomerular filtrate pathway
Renal tubules
renal tubules
- proximal tubule
- cuboidal tubular epithelial cells woth microvilli (brush border)
- thin henles loop
- distal convoluted tubule
Identify
renal tubules
Proximal tubules
- closest portion is proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) = only present in the cortex. Site of absorption
- strait portion is in medulla
- note cuboidal lining and microvilli
renal tubules
Note: no microvilli in distal tubules
Identify and discuss
Renal tubules
Nephron Loop
Loop of Henley
- U shape
- nephron loop parallel to vasa recta, facilitation ion and water exchange.
- to identify, the tube with blood in lumen is vasa recta (see orange part of the blue stained image)
Identify and discuss
Renal tubules
Distal convoluted tubules
- no brush borer
- basal striations
- target cells of aldosterone
- specialized cells of Macula Densa
- AKA juxtaglomerular apparatus: functions in regulation of blood pressure
Identify
Renal tubules
Part of the distal convoluted tubules
**when looking at image, jg is the juxtoglomerular cells, g is the glomerulus, md is macula densa
Identify and discuss
Collecting ducts
come after the distal convoluted tubules
- lined by cuboidal cells
- lumen contains urine
- terminal portion is papillary ducts which empty into renal crest or papilla
- Intercolated cells incolved in acid-base balance
***end of kidney is here
Post kidney urinary system (3)
Post kidney urinary system (3)
- Ureters
- Urinary Bladder
- Urethra
***Three tunics
- epithelial mucosa= transitional epithelium
- lamina propria and submucosa are same
- muscularis
Identify
Identify
Identify
Urethra: male (5) and female (1)
Urethra= last step
Male
- pelvic and penile segments
- begins transitional but turns stratified squamous
- sex glands and deferent ducts empty to urethra too
- vascualar stratum: corpus spongiosum
- tunica muscularis: mostly skeletal muscle
Female
- lined by transitional epithelium
