Urinary System

Question 1

Function of Urinary System

Answer 1

Conserve body fluid and electrolytes and remove waste

Question 2

Components of Urinary System (4)

Answer 2

Kidney - produce urine as a filtrate of blood
Ureter - connect kidney to bladder
Bladder - urine storage
Urethra- deliver urine to outside body

Question 3

Renal Corpuscle

Answer 3

Contain glomerulas surrounded by bowmans capsule

Question 4

Nephron

Answer 4

Structural and functional unit of kidney

has renal corpuscle series of tubular sections collecting tubules

Question 5

Ultrafiltrate

Answer 5

filtered stuff before modification

Question 6

Filtrate

Answer 6

substance during modification in the system

Question 7

urine

Answer 7

filtered substance of the kidney after modification

Question 8

Hilum of the Kidney

Answer 8

Concave media lindentation where the nerves and vessels enter and exit

Question 9

Ureter

Answer 9

Expands at hilum forming renal pelvis

Question 10

Cortex of Kidney and Medulla (which is outside and inside)

Answer 10

Outer cortex and inner medulla

Question 11

Medullary Pyramids

Answer 11

6-18 in medulla. These cups filter to the minor calyx

Question 12

Path of the filter to the urethra

Answer 12

Goes from minor calyx to the major calyx and then renal pelvis and then to the ureter

Question 13

Minor Calyx

Answer 13

surrounds the entire medullary pyrimids, collecting ducts empty in to this

Question 14

What is the epithelium type

Answer 14

Transitional epithleium starts and runs to the ureter from the minor calyx

Question 15

Renal Papilla

Answer 15

Apex top of pyramid

Question 16

Cortical (Renal) Columns

Answer 16

Portions seperating neighboring pyramids

Question 17

Cortical Arch

Answer 17

Cortex base at each pyramid

Question 18

Renal Lobe

Answer 18

Each pyramid and its arch and sides divedes colum in half and divided into lobes

Question 19

medullary rays

Answer 19

contain collecting ducts extending cortex in to medulla
it shows up as the striped banding pattern
it represents the collecting ducts
it is in the pyramids

Question 20

Pic Identification Tips for Cortex

Answer 20

The site of a renal corpuscles means you are in the cortex and she loves this

Question 21

Pic ID tip for Medulla

Answer 21

See al ittle darker stain with no renal corpuscle

Question 22

Blood Supply path for the kidney

Answer 22

Note it goes from the inside to the outside then flows back in
Start with renal artery branch to form segmental arteries give rise to
branched interlober arteries, (between pyramids) these give rise to
arcuate arteries (runs along the arch) these run to
interlober arteries which give rise to
afferent arterioles this goes thorugh the
glomerulus and empties to
efferent arteriole
the efferent arteriole gives rise to either
1) peritubular capillary plexus
2) vasa recta

Question 23

The peritbular capillary plexus

Answer 23

PTCP a capillary bed supplying the cortex with blood

Question 24

The vasa recta

Answer 24

Capillary bed following henles loop in the medulla both cortex and medulla have diff capillary beds

Question 25

Portal System between capillary beds

Answer 25

Links cap bed to cap bed by arteriole

Question 26

glomerulus

Answer 26

Is a part of the renal corpuscle is a bunch of capillaries

Question 27

Bowmens capsule

Answer 27

part of the renal corpuscle, is the surrounding of the glomerulus

Question 28

The layers of Bowmans Capsule

Answer 28

Visceral layer - epithelial are podocytes and this is on the glomerulus Pariatel Layer - epithelial are squamus and this is the outer area Urinary Space - is the container for the ultrafiltrate

Question 29

Where does blood flow from bowmans capsule

Answer 29

Travels out the urinary pole (the ultrafiltrate. Enters by the vascular pole

Question 30

The glomerulus Filtration barrier

Answer 30

Capillaries are fenestrated for going then the renal corpuscle podocytes will cover most of the capillary. These create slits when they interdigitate.

Question 31

The filtration barrier layers

Answer 31

Pores of fenestrated endothelium Thick basement membrane fused together of two Filtration slits of podocytes This creates the ultrafiltrate

Question 32

Proximal Tubule Two Portions

Answer 32

Convuluted (proximal convuluted tubule)- | Stragith portion - (Pars Recta) -

Question 33

Structure and function of the proximal tubule

Answer 33

Structure - simple cuboidal with microvilli brush border | Funciton - absorb nutrients ions water and release into intersitial

Question 34

Thick Descending Limb

Answer 34

From the proximal tubule it enters the medulla Becomes simple squamous - is the thing region descening the loops then become the thin adcending limb

Question 35

Thing Ascending limb- Thick ascening limb

Answer 35

once the descending limb loops around it stays thin and then becomes thick This thick though does not have a brush border

Question 36

Loop of Henle

Answer 36

Is this thing that reaches the medulla and has the thick and the thin parts

Question 37

Distal convuluted Tubule

Answer 37

Once enters the cortex the thick ascending it has cuboidal and microvilli (less microbilli) becomes cuboidal again no bursh border because less microvilli

Question 38

JGA (function)

Answer 38

is a special structure of the distal convuluted tubule.

Question 39

what are the three JGA components

Answer 39

MAcula densa - dark spot, columnar cells right next to vascular pole of the Glomerulus Juxta Glomerulus cells - modified smooth muscle in tunica media of afferant and efferent arterioles. the granules are contain renin Mesangial Cells - adjust to environment and between the afferent and efferent arterioles Remember that the JGA buts up against the glomerulus

Question 40

Collecting tubules and ducts

Answer 40

``` DCT becomes collecting ducts modify filtrate toward minor calyces tip of duct is renal papilla then we have tall columnar cells It starts off as simple cubiodal and gets taller ```

Question 41

The two types of cells in the collecting tubule

Answer 41

Light cells - principle | Dark cells- have mitochondria to pump acid base stuff

Question 42

Ureter (Layers with types)

Answer 42

urine from kindey to bladder Mucosa - we see transitional epithelium. Then we see lamina propria Then we see muscularis mucosa smooth musscle to contract There is a valve at the bottom

Question 43

Urinary Bladder (the Layers also)

Answer 43

Storage part transitional become flat when distendeted Have 3 muscular layers have an adventitia and serosa - connnective tissue with elastic fibers

Question 44

Urethra

Answer 44

diff for male and female. Males is 3 segments and through prostate