Urinary system

Question 1

urinary system

Answer 1

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra remove metabolic wastes from blood out of the body

Question 2

kidney location

Answer 2

high on posterior abdominal wall left is higher than the right retroperitoneal

Question 3

renal capsule

Answer 3

TOUGH fibrous shell around kidney

pain receptors are here

Question 4

renal cortex

Answer 4

outer portion of kidney

(Next layer inside kidney from the renal capsule)

Question 5

renal medulla

Answer 5

inner portion of kidney

Question 6

renal pyramids

Answer 6

cone shaped masses of tissue in renal medulla

Question 7

renal pelvis

Answer 7

superior end of ureter, expanded to form funnel shape

Question 8

major calyx (calyces)

Answer 8

divisions of renal pelvis (2-3)

Question 9

minor calyx (calyces)

Answer 9

divisions of major calyx (4-6)

Question 10

papilla

Answer 10

tip of renal pyramid

Question 11

renal maintenance of blood

Answer 11

RBC formation (erythropoietin) blood pressure (renin) blood volume (ADH) blood composition (osmolarity) blood pH (bicarb) vitamin D

Question 12

nephron

Answer 12

functional unit of kidney; 85% are cortical, 15% are juxtamedullary; composed of renal corpuscle and renal tubule

Question 13

renal corpuscle

Answer 13

glomerulus within Bowman’s capsule (Filtration unit)

Question 14

renal tubule (Know for Lab Final!)

Answer 14

1. proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) 2. descending loop of Henle 3. ascending loop of Henle 4. distal convoluted tubule (DCT) 5. Collecting Duct (empties into minor calyx)

Question 15

blood flow (heart -> kidney)

Answer 15

aorta renal artery interlobar artery arcuate artery interlobular artery afferent arteriole glomerular capillaries efferent arteriole peritubular capillaries / vesa recta InterlobULAR veins Arcuate veins InterlobAR veins Renal vein

Question 16

juxtaglomerular apparatus

Answer 16

point of contact between the afferent arteriole and the distal convoluted tubule (DCT);

Cells: very important in regulation of glomerular filtration

Question 17

macula densa

“Dense spot”

Answer 17

cells in DCT in contact with afferent arteriole

Question 18

juxtaglomerular cells

Answer 18

smooth muscle cells in afferent arteriole

Question 19

urine formation

Answer 19

glomerular filtration tubular reabsorption tubular secretion

Question 20

glomerular filtration

Answer 20

fenestrated glomerular capillaries filter water and dissolved materials from blood, leaving filtrate in Bowman’s capsule

Question 21

pressures that promote filtration

Answer 21

capillary hydrostatic pressure: 60mmHg

Bowman’s osmotic pressure: 0 mmHg

Question 22

amount of production

Answer 22

filter 125ml per minute; most reabsorbed

Question 23

glomerular filtration (step 1 of urine)

Answer 23

filtration ois due to a force called hydrostatic pressue

Inside glomerular capillaries –> 60mmHg

–>Bowmans capsu: 15mmHg

Question 24

tubular reabsorption (step 2 of urine)

Answer 24

1. process by which substances are transported from the glomerular filtrate to blood in peritubular capillaries

****2. most occurs in PCT through active transport/osmosis

3. reabsorbed substances include: glucose (only in PCT), amino acids, water, ions, etc.

Question 25

tubular secretion (step 3 of urine phase)

Answer 25

1. process by which substances are transported from the blood in peritubular capillaries into the DCT. 2. maintains ion concentrations in blood 3. as you absorb more sodium (Na) = more potassium (K+) gets passed on. (They are inversly related)

Question 26

regulation blood concentration and volume

Answer 26

ADH promotes reabsorption of water through the DCT ------This negative feedback prevents DEHYDRATION stimulus of ADH is depended on osmolarity of ICF of supraoptic nuclei in hypothalamus

Question 27

excretion of wastes (Urea and Uric Acid)

Answer 27

by products of metabolism ( 1. urea from amino acid metabolism 2. uric acid from nucleotide metabolism \*wastes are RE-absorbed by tubules, then SECRETED back INTO urine and excreted

Question 28

urine composition

Answer 28

95% water 5% urea: (uric acid, amino acids, electrolytes)

Question 29

ureters are:

Answer 29

Small tubes that carry urine from kidneys to bladder through peristaltic movements a. 25-29cm b. retroperitoneal c. 3 layers: inner mucosa (transitional epithelium) middle muscularis (smooth muscle) outer serosa (fibrous CT)

Question 30

bladder

Answer 30

Location: within pelvic cavity, behind symphysis pubis Structure: hollow, distensible, muscular organ. Lined with transitional epithelium It's a detrusor muscle =3 layers of smooth muscle Function: storage of urine

Question 31

urethra

Answer 31

female: 4cm male: 20cm

Question 32

micturition

Answer 32

process by which urine is expelled from the body

Question 33

trigone

Answer 33

triangle formation within the bladder composed of the passageways to the ureters and urethra

Question 34

urine process

Answer 34

Bowman's capsule-\> PCT --\> loop of Henle--\> DCT--\>. collecting duct (urine)--\>. minor calyx --\>major calyx --\>. renal pelvis--\> ureter --\>(peristalsis) urinary bladder --\>urethra (micturition)

Question 35

proteins are NOT filtered because

Answer 35

they are large and negatively charged and have low permeability Cannot filter easily

Question 36

Osmosis

Answer 36

reabsorption of water

Question 37

Kidney releases what to help regulate BP?

Answer 37

Renin (not rennin) this is part of Renin-Angiotensin System