Urinary system Flashcards

anatomy and physiology

1
Q

primarily responsible for the removal of nitrogenous wastes

A

Urinary system

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2
Q

maintain electrolyte, acid-base, and fluid balances for the bloodAnd serve as the major homeostatic organ of the body

A

Kidneys

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3
Q

perform by filtering blood allowing toxins, metabolic wastes, and excess ions to leave the body in urine

A

Kidneys

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4
Q

urinary system consists of

A

paired kidneys and ureters and single urinary bladder and urethra

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5
Q

Why is the right kidney slightly lower than the left?

A

Due to the liver

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6
Q

What are the two kinds of nephrons?

A

Cortical nephrons and juxtamdullary nephrons

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7
Q

most numerous, making up ~ 85% of nephrons located entirely within the renal cortex except for small parts of their nephron loops that dip into the renal medulla

A

Cortical nephrons

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8
Q

located deep in the cortex at the border with the medulla, their long nephron loops penetrate deeply into the medulla, *-play an important role in concentrating urine

A

Juxtamedullary nephrons

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9
Q

Urirne formation is a result of 3 processes which include

A

filteration, reabsorption, secretion.

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10
Q

the role of the glomerulus, largely a passive process in which a portion of the blood passes from the glomerular capillary into the glomerular capsule

A

filteration

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11
Q

75% to 80% of tubular reabsorption occurs in

A

proximal convoluted tubule

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12
Q

essentially the reverse process of tubular reabsorption. Hydrogen, potassium ions, and creatinine move from the blood of the peritubular capillaries through the tubular cells into the filtrate to be disposed of in the urine

A

secretion

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13
Q

vessels to and from are both arterioles

A

glomerulus

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14
Q

Feeds the bed

A

Afferent artiriole

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15
Q

Drains the bed

A

Efferent artiriole

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16
Q

long, straight, highly connected vessels that run parallel and close to the long nephron loops. *Essential for the formation of concentrated urine

A

vasa recta

17
Q

regulate the rate of filtration and systemic blood pressure

A

role of the JGC

18
Q

receives urine via the ureters and discharges it via the urethra, stores it temporarily

A

Urinary bladder

19
Q

The act of emptying the bladder

A

voiding or micturition

20
Q

The opening between the bladder and the urethra is closed by two sphincters

A

internal urethral sphincter : composed of smooth muscle ..external urethral sphincter : composed of skeletal muscle

21
Q

occurs when both sphincters, internal and external, relax and the detrusor contracts, all at the same time

A

micturition

22
Q

lack of voluntary control over the external urethral sphincter. Normal in children under 2, in older children and adults it can result from spinal cord injuries or urinary tract pathology

A

incontinence

23
Q

Amonia is converted into less toxic…

A

urea

24
Q

he major calyces join to form

A

renal pelvis

25
Q

“basin” which collects urine and funnels it into the ureter.

A

renal pelvis

26
Q

contain smooth muscle and peristaltically propel urine from the renal pelvis to the bladder.

A

ureters

27
Q

carries urine squeezed out of the bladder to the outside of the body.

A

urethra

28
Q

involuntary sphincter

A

internal sphincter

29
Q

Sphincter under voluntary control

A

external sphincter

30
Q

Blood is drained from the glomerulus by the

A

efferent arteriols

31
Q

performs some salt and water reabsorption, but is far more important for the “salt gradient” that is set up in the kidney for later (passive) water reabsorption.

A

loop of henele

32
Q

major site of secretion

A

distal convoluted tubule

33
Q

What helps the collecting tubules be more permeable to water?

A

hormone ADH