Urinary system

Question 1

primarily responsible for the removal of nitrogenous wastes

Answer 1

Urinary system

Question 2

maintain electrolyte, acid-base, and fluid balances for the bloodAnd serve as the major homeostatic organ of the body

Answer 2

Kidneys

Question 3

perform by filtering blood allowing toxins, metabolic wastes, and excess ions to leave the body in urine

Answer 3

Kidneys

Question 4

urinary system consists of

Answer 4

paired kidneys and ureters and single urinary bladder and urethra

Question 5

Why is the right kidney slightly lower than the left?

Answer 5

Due to the liver

Question 6

What are the two kinds of nephrons?

Answer 6

Cortical nephrons and juxtamdullary nephrons

Question 7

most numerous, making up ~ 85% of nephrons located entirely within the renal cortex except for small parts of their nephron loops that dip into the renal medulla

Answer 7

Cortical nephrons

Question 8

located deep in the cortex at the border with the medulla, their long nephron loops penetrate deeply into the medulla, *-play an important role in concentrating urine

Answer 8

Juxtamedullary nephrons

Question 9

Urirne formation is a result of 3 processes which include

Answer 9

filteration, reabsorption, secretion.

Question 10

the role of the glomerulus, largely a passive process in which a portion of the blood passes from the glomerular capillary into the glomerular capsule

Answer 10

filteration

Question 11

75% to 80% of tubular reabsorption occurs in

Answer 11

proximal convoluted tubule

Question 12

essentially the reverse process of tubular reabsorption. Hydrogen, potassium ions, and creatinine move from the blood of the peritubular capillaries through the tubular cells into the filtrate to be disposed of in the urine

Answer 12

secretion

Question 13

vessels to and from are both arterioles

Answer 13

glomerulus

Question 14

Feeds the bed

Answer 14

Afferent artiriole

Question 15

Drains the bed

Answer 15

Efferent artiriole

Question 16

long, straight, highly connected vessels that run parallel and close to the long nephron loops. *Essential for the formation of concentrated urine

Answer 16

vasa recta

Question 17

regulate the rate of filtration and systemic blood pressure

Answer 17

role of the JGC

Question 18

receives urine via the ureters and discharges it via the urethra, stores it temporarily

Answer 18

Urinary bladder

Question 19

The act of emptying the bladder

Answer 19

voiding or micturition

Question 20

The opening between the bladder and the urethra is closed by two sphincters

Answer 20

internal urethral sphincter : composed of smooth muscle ..external urethral sphincter : composed of skeletal muscle

Question 21

occurs when both sphincters, internal and external, relax and the detrusor contracts, all at the same time

Answer 21

micturition

Question 22

lack of voluntary control over the external urethral sphincter. Normal in children under 2, in older children and adults it can result from spinal cord injuries or urinary tract pathology

Answer 22

incontinence

Question 23

Amonia is converted into less toxic…

Answer 23

urea

Question 24

he major calyces join to form

Answer 24

renal pelvis

Question 25

"basin" which collects urine and funnels it into the ureter.

Answer 25

renal pelvis

Question 26

contain smooth muscle and peristaltically propel urine from the renal pelvis to the bladder.

Answer 26

ureters

Question 27

carries urine squeezed out of the bladder to the outside of the body.

Answer 27

urethra

Question 28

involuntary sphincter

Answer 28

internal sphincter

Question 29

Sphincter under voluntary control

Answer 29

external sphincter

Question 30

Blood is drained from the glomerulus by the

Answer 30

efferent arteriols

Question 31

performs some salt and water reabsorption, but is far more important for the "salt gradient" that is set up in the kidney for later (passive) water reabsorption.

Answer 31

loop of henele

Question 32

major site of secretion

Answer 32

distal convoluted tubule

Question 33

What helps the collecting tubules be more permeable to water?

Answer 33

hormone ADH