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Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

Name three muscles of the posterior abdominal wall.

A

Psoas major
Iliacus
Quadratus lumborum

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2
Q

What is function of the psoas major?

A

Flexes thigh or trunk

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3
Q

What is the function of the iliacus?

A

Flexes thigh and stabilizes the hip

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4
Q

What is the function of the quadratus lumborum?

A

Extends and laterally flexes the trunk

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5
Q

Which two muscles create the iliopsoas?

A

Psoas major and iliacus

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6
Q

Lumbar plexus

A

Posterior to the Psoas major

Anterior rami L1-L4

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7
Q

What are the nerves of the posterior abdominal wall?

A 
Obturator nerve (L2-L4): adductor muscles of the thigh
Femoral nerve (L2-L4): lilacus, flexors of the hip, extensors of the knee
Ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric (L1): abdominal muscles and skin of the pubic inguinal region
Genitofemoral nerve (L1-L2): sensory to skin of the pubic region, motot to the cremaster muscle
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8
Q

Ilioinguinal and iliohypogastic nerve

A

abdominal muscles and skin of pubic/inguinal region

L1

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9
Q

genitofemoral nerve

A

sensory to skin of pubic region and motor to cremaster muscle
L1/L2

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10
Q

femoral nerve

A

ilacus, flexors of the hip, extensors the knee

L2-L4

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11
Q

obturator nerve

A

adductor muscles of the thigh

L2-L4

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12
Q

lumbosacral trunk

A

sacral plexus

L4-L5

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13
Q

lumbar plexus

A

posterior to the psoas major

(anterior rami L1-L4

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14
Q

Abdominal aorta

A

T12-L4

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15
Q

Which branches of the abdominal aorta are unpaired?

A

celiac trunk (T12)
superior mesenteric artery (L1)
inferior mesenteric artery (L3)

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16
Q

Which branches of the abdominal aorta are paired?

A 
suprarenal aa (L1)
renal aa (L1)
gonadal aa (ovarian or testicular aa) L2
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17
Q

What are the terminal branches of the aorta?

A

common iliac aa (R/L)

internal and external iliac aa

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18
Q

What are the branches of the inferior vena cava?

A 
renal vv (r/l)
common iliac vv (r/l)
right gonadal v. (either ovarian or testicular)
left gonadal v. (either ovarian or testicular)
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19
Q

All branches of the inferior vena cava drain where? Which is the exception and where does it drain to?

A

All branches of the inferior vena cava drain into the inferior vena cava EXCEPT the left gonadal vein which drains into the left renal vein

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20
Q

Where does the left gonadal vein drain to?

A

drains into the left renal vein

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21
Q

Explain the lymphatics of the posterior abdominal wall.

A

All lymph nodes drain into the external and internal iliac which drains into the common iliac which drains into the lumbar nodes

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22
Q

The urinary system is composed of?

A

kidneys
ureters
bladder
urethra

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23
Q

What is the location of the kidneys?

A

retroperitoneal

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24
Q

What is the function of the kidneys?

A

remove excess water, salts, and waste of protein metabolism from the blood

Waste becomes urine

25
What are the three layers of the kidney?
paraphrenic fat renal fascia periphrenic fat
26
paraphrenic fat
superficial to renal fascia, most external
27
renal fascia
Gerota's fascia
28
periphrenic fat
deep to renal fascia
29
Renal hilum (anterior to posterior)
renal vein renal artery renal pelvis
30
Internal structure of the kidney (superficial to deep)
Fibrous capsule Cortex Medulla
31
Pathway of urine to ureter
``` Renal pyramids Renal papillae Renal calices (Minor calyx, Major calyx) Renal pelvis Ureter (retroperitoneal) ```
32
Ureters
Muscular tubes Retroperitoneal Peristalsis
33
Where do ureters constrict?
1. uteropelvic junction (between ureters and renal pelves) 2. Crossing pelvic brim 3. Entering bladder wall
34
Why are the ureter constriction sites important?
They are sites of obstruction via ureteric stones
35
Name the types of stones that can cause an obstruction.
calyceal stone renal pelvic stone upper ureteral stone
36
What is the location of the the suprarenal glands in relation to the kidney?
superomedial to the kidney
37
What surrounds the suprarenal glands?
connective tissue and periephric fat
38
What separates the kidneys from the suprarenal glands?
Separated from kidneys by fibrous capsule
39
What are the components of the suprarenal glands?
internal cortex and medulla
40
Internal cortex
Secretes corticosteroids and androgens
41
Medulla
secretes epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine (noradrenalin)
42
What is the difference between the left and right suprarenal glands?
the right is pyramid shaped and the left is crescent shaped
43
What is the blood supply of the suprarenal glands?
suprarenal arteries | superior, middle, and inferior
44
At what vertebral level is the renal aa?
L1
45
Which renal artery is longer?
Right renal artery is longer | posterior to the inferior vena cava
46
Where does the renal aa divide?
Divides close to the hilum into segmental arteries
47
Which renal vein is shorter?
The right venal vein is shorter
48
Which nerve innervates the kidney?
Thoracic splanchnic nn (like foregut and midgut)
49
Describe the ascent of the kidneys
Kidneys develop in the pelvis and ascend to final position
50
Anatomical variants of kidneys
Accessory renal arteries Horshoe kidneys Pelvic kidneys
51
What is urinary bladder attached to?
Attached to the anterior abdominal wall via median umbilical ligament
52
Where is the urinary bladder?
within the pelvic cavity in adults | in abdomen in children
53
Where does the bladder extend to?
a full bladder extends superiorly into the extraperitoneal space
54
What is the blood supply of the urinary bladder?
branches of the internal iliac aa and vv
55
branches of the internal iliac aa and vv
superior vesical aa superior vesical vv Males: inferior vesical aa Males: inferior vesical vv Females: vaginal aa Females: vaginal vv
56
Urinary bladder innervation (voluntary)
external urethral sphincter --> pudenal nerve S2-S4
57
Urinary bladder innervation (involuntary: sympathetic)
pelvic plexus ---> close internal urethral sphincter
58
Urinary bladder innervation (involuntary: parasympathetic)
pelvic splanchnic nerve and inferior hypogastric plexus detrusor muscle contracts and internal urethral sphincter opens

Anatomy (11 decks)

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