Urinary System - Module 16

Question 1

Organs of Urinary System

Answer 1

Kidney
Ureter
Urinary Bladder
Urethra

Question 2

Vein that carries cleaned blood from kidney back to heart

Answer 2

Renal Vein

Question 3

Main Artery that brings blood with waste from heart

Answer 3

Renal Artery

Question 4

Functions of Kidney

Answer 4

1. Regulation of Ionic composition
2. Regulation of Blood pH, Osmolarity, Glucose
3. Regulation of Blood Volume
4. Regulation of Blood Pressure
5. Release of Erythropoietin
6. Waste excretion

Question 5

Organization of Kidney Parenchyma

Answer 5

Cortex and Medulla, Lobe and Lobules

Question 6

Structural and Functional unit of the kidney

Answer 6

Nephron

Question 7

5 parts of Nephron

Answer 7

1. Renal Corpuscle
2. Proximal (Straight and Convoluted)
3. Loop of Henle
4. Distal (Straight and Convoluted)
5. Collecting Duct

Question 8

What comprises the Renal Corpuscle

Answer 8

Glomerulus and Bowman’s Capsule

Question 9

This is a cluster of Blood Vessels in Renal Corpuscle

Answer 9

Glomerulus

Question 10

Is a double walled envelope structure of Renal Corpuscle

Answer 10

Bowman’s Capsule

Question 11

What is produced by the Renal Corpuscle

Answer 11

Glomerular Ultrafiltrate

Question 12

Efferent arterioles leaves the glomerulus at _____________

Answer 12

Vascular Pole

Question 13

Ultra filtrate leaves corpuscle at _____________

Answer 13

Renal Pole

Question 14

True or False, capillaries forming glomerulus are not fenestrated

Answer 14

False, it is fenestrated

Question 15

Bowman’s capsule is comprised of Visceral and Parietal layers, what is the lining of Parietal layers

Answer 15

Simple Squamous Cells

Question 16

Bowman’s capsule is comprised of Visceral and Parietal layers, what makes up the lining of Visceral layers

Answer 16

Podocytes

Question 17

What constitutes the connective tissue stroma of the glomerulus

Answer 17

Mesangial Cells

Question 18

This part of the nephron reabsorbs water, nutrients and solids

Answer 18

Proximal Convoluted Tubules

Question 19

Lining of Proximal Convoluted Tubules

Answer 19

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

Question 20

True or False, Tubule cells have villi on their luminal surfaces

Answer 20

False, they have Microvilli

Question 21

True or False, Tubule cells appear STRIATED due to numerous basal infoldings and mitochondria

Answer 21

True

Question 22

This functions as a counter current multiplier system that determines osmolarity of urine

Answer 22

Loop of Henle

Question 23

Segments of Loop of Henle/Medullary Loop

Answer 23

Descending Limb
Thin Segment
Ascending Limb

Question 24

What is the epithelia lining of the thin segment of Medullary loop

Answer 24

Simple Squamous Epithelium

Question 25

This part's reabsorption is regulated by ADH and Aldosterone

Answer 25

Distal Convoluted Tubule

Question 26

Epithelia lining of Distal Convoluted Tubule

Answer 26

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

Question 27

True or False, Distal convoluted tubules lacks microvilli and is non striated

Answer 27

False, they are striated

Question 28

Formed where the ascending loop of Henle/DCT contacts the afferent arteriole of Renal Corpuscle

Answer 28

Juxtaglomerular Apparatus

Question 29

Cells of the Juxtaglomerular Apparatus

Answer 29

1. Macula densa cells of DCT 2. Juxtaglomerular cells of afferent arteriole 3. Extraglomerular Mesangial Cells

Question 30

What is produced by the Juxtaglomerular Apparatus that converts angiotensinogen to angiotensin

Answer 30

Renin

Question 31

What structure drains urine from Nephron to Renal Pelvis

Answer 31

Collecting Duct

Question 32

2 cells types of Collecting Duct

Answer 32

Cuboidal in Cortical Part, Columnar in Medullary

Question 33

Epithelium lining of Ascending limb of Loop of Henle

Answer 33

Simple Cuboidal

Question 34

Epithelium lining of Descending Limb of Loop of Henle

Answer 34

Simple Squamous

Question 35

Total pressure that promotes filtration

Answer 35

Net Filtration Pressure

Question 36

Glomerular Blood Hydrostatic Pressure (GBHP)

Answer 36

55 mmHg

Question 37

Capsular Hydrostatic Pressure (CHP)

Answer 37

15 mmHg

Question 38

Blood Colloid Osmotic Pressure

Answer 38

30 mmHg

Question 39

Net Filtration Pressure

Answer 39

10 mmHg

Question 40

True or False, Changes in net filtration doesn't affect Glomerular Filtration Rate

Answer 40

False, it affects GFR

Question 41

Filtration stops if arterial pressure drops to _____ mmHg

Answer 41

45 mmHg

Question 42

GFR functions normally at _____ mmHg arterial pressure

Answer 42

80 to 180 mmHg

Question 43

These are Cells that senses Sodium levels located at Distal Convoluted Tubules

Answer 43

Macula densa

Question 44

Forms Connections via actin and microtubules for selective vasoconstriction and vasodilation

Answer 44

Extraglomerular Mesangial Cells

Question 45

Other term for Extraglomerular Mesangial Cells

Answer 45

Lacis Cells

Question 46

Functions of Juxtaglomerular Apparatus

Answer 46

Afferent and Efferent Arteriolar Feedback Mechanism

Question 47

Angiotensinogen from liver catalyzed by renin to become ________________

Answer 47

Angiotensin I

Question 48

What constricts the Blood Vessels all over the body to increase systemic blood pressure and maintain blood pressure in Glomerulus to maintain GFR a. Angiotensinogen b. Angiotensin I c. Angiotensin II

Answer 48

C. Angiotensin II

Question 49

What hormone counteracts the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)

Answer 49

Atrial Natriuretic Peptide

Question 50

What structure conducts urine from kidney to urinary bladder

Answer 50

Ureter

Question 51

3 layers of Ureter

Answer 51

T. mucosa, T. muscularis, T serosa/adventitia

Question 52

Layer of ureter that is lined by 5-6 cell layer of transitional epithelium

Answer 52

T. mucosa

Question 53

4 layers of Urinary Bladder and Urethra

Answer 53

T. mucosa, T. submucosa, T. muscularis, T. serosa/adventitia

Question 54

What epithelium lines the external urethral orifice

Answer 54

Stratified Squamous