Urinary System Pathology

Question 1

Round
anechoic center with internal echoes
possible calcs or septations
posterior enhancement
asymptomatic

Answer 1

Complex Cyst

Question 2

Another name for parapelvic cyst

Answer 2

Renal Sinus Cyst

Question 3

Round
anechoic
sits inside the renal pelvis
asymptomatic

Answer 3

Parapelvic Cyst

Question 4

Autosomal dominant genetic disorder
bilateral cortical cysts and masses, increased chance of RCC (renal cell carcinoma)
flank pain, 30s-50s, NO HTN or renal failure

Answer 4

Von Hipple-Lindau

Question 5

Autosomal dominant genetic disorder
intellectual disability, seizures, cutaneous lesions
multiple cysts or angiomyolipomas

Answer 5

Tuberous Sclerosis

Question 6

Found in pts on dialysis
Flank pain
Small/echogenic kidney
cortical cysts

Answer 6

Acquired Cystic Kidney Disease

Question 7

ARPKD

Answer 7

Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease

Question 8

Rare genetic disease on chromosome 6
Dilation of collecting tubules
Causes renal failure and liver disease
4 kinds (perinatal, neonatal, infantile, juvenile)
Large, echogenic kidneys
Microscopic cysts in parenchyma

Answer 8

Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease

Question 9

Another name for infantile PKD?

Answer 9

Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease

Question 10

Adult polycystic kidney disease
bilateral disease
bilateral atrophied cortical tissue with multiple cysts

Answer 10

Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Disease

Question 11

ADPKD

Answer 11

Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Disease

Question 12

MCDK

Answer 12

Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney

Question 13

Most common form of cystic disease in neonates
obstruction in utero
incompatible with life
neonates: multicystic kidney with absence of parenchyma
adults: echogenic atrophied kidneys

Answer 13

Multicystic Dysplastic Kidney

Question 14

Most common of all renal tumors
2x more common in males
60s-70s
associated w/ VHL, ACKD, tuberous sclerosis
isoechoic or hyperechoic to kidney
hypoechoic rim with color

Answer 14

Renal Cell Carcinoma

Question 15

Another name for RCC, hypernephroma, Grawitz’s tumor?

Answer 15

Renal Cell Carcinoma

Question 16

TCC

Answer 16

Transitional Cell Carcinoma

Question 17

Accounts for 90% of malignancies that involve the renal pelvis, ureters, bladder
polypoid appearance attached to mucosa
hypoechoic mass in collecting system

Answer 17

Transitional Cell Carcinoma

Question 18

rare w/ poor prognosis
associated w/ long-standing nephrolithiasis/staghorn calculi
large mass in renal pelvis

Answer 18

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Question 19

Another name for Wilms’ tumor?

Answer 19

nephroblastoma

Question 20

renal cancer in peds pt
most common abdominal malignancy in children
most common solid renal tumor in peds 1-8 yrs old
large, solid kidney mass

Answer 20

nephroblastoma

Question 21

AML

Answer 21

Renal angiomyolipoma

Question 22

most common benign tumor
more common in females and RK
asymptomatic
hypoechoic <-> echogenic

Answer 22

Renal angiomyolipoma

Question 23

most common cause of acute kidney injury
damage to the tubule cells from lack of oxygen
bilateral echogenic kidneys

Answer 23

Acute tubular necrosis

Question 24

Another name for ARF or AKI?

Answer 24

Acute renal failure

Question 25

sudden episode of kidney failure or damage within a few hours abnormal lab values kidneys may not appear bad enlarged with hypoechoic parenchyma presence or absence of obstruction

Answer 25

Acute renal failure

Question 26

CKD

Answer 26

Chronic kidney disease

Question 27

loss of renal function due to renal disease pts with diabetes, HTN bilateral, small, echogenic kidneys

Answer 27

Chronic kidney disease

Question 28

chronic loss of functioning kidney parenchyma results from numerous disease processes renal dysfunction echogenic cortex loss of cortical volume

Answer 28

Renal Atrophy

Question 29

septation of the calyces by backed up fluid obstructive or nonobstructive

Answer 29

Hydronephrosis

Question 30

pus within the collecting system hydro with varying levels of debris unilateral

Answer 30

Pyonephrosis

Question 31

Another name for kidney stones or urolithiasis?

Answer 31

Renal calculi

Question 32

echogenic calcifications posterior shadowing twinkle artifact

Answer 32

Renal calculi

Question 33

Another name for coral calculi?

Answer 33

Staghorn calculi

Question 34

large kidney stone asymptomatic lead to infection large, hyperechoic structure filling the renal pelvis

Answer 34

Staghorn calculi

Question 35

Another name for parenchymal calcinosis?

Answer 35

Nephrocalcinosis

Question 36

diffuse foci of calcium deposits in the medulla or cortex both kidneys

Answer 36

Nephrocalcinosis

Question 37

Another name for MSK or intratubular renal calcification?

Answer 37

Medullary sponge kidney

Question 38

dilation of distal collecting duct causing stasis and stone formation hyperechoic calyces/pyramids with or w/o stones

Answer 38

Medullary sponge kidney

Question 39

tissue death asymptomatic wedge shaped hypoechoic cortex tissue w/ lack of color flow

Answer 39

Renal infarction

Question 40

bladder infection acute or chronic often caused by bacteria thickened bladder wall

Answer 40

Cystitis

Question 41

2ndary to chronic infection/irritation of bladder wall irregularities along the lumen of the bladder wall

Answer 41

bladder trebeculations

Question 42

Not detected until advanced solid mass in the lumen of the bladder increased vascularity within mass

Answer 42

Bladder tumor