Urinary System (Reynolds)-6 questions

Question 1

Acute renal failure?

Answer 1

a sudden loss of kidney function, usually associated with shock or intense renal vasocontriction, that lasts from a few days to as long as several weeks.

Question 2

Cystitis?

Answer 2

inflammation of the urinary bladder.

Question 3

Hematuria?

Answer 3

blood in the urine.

Question 4

Hemodialysis?

Answer 4

a method of clearing waste products from the blood in which blood passes by the semipermeable membrane of the artificial kidney and waste products are removed by diffusion.

Question 5

Nocturia?

Answer 5

night urination (during sleep).

Question 6

Polyuria?

Answer 6

excessive urine output.

Question 7

Uremia?

Answer 7

retention of urinary constituents in the blood, owing to kidney dysfunction.

Question 8

Hydronephrosis?

Answer 8

“Water in the kidney” refers to a kidney obstruction and distension/dilation of the collecting apparatus

Question 9

Renal corpuscle is area of major?

Answer 9

filtration

Question 10

Macula densa part of the? function?

Answer 10

DCT; Specialized group of cells that can sense osmolarity, thus increase renin to increase blood pressure.

Question 11

Functions of Kidney

Answer 11

1. maintain water balance
2. maintain osmolarity of body fluids
3. regulate quantity & conc. of most ECF ions (sodium, chloride, hydrogen)
4. maintain plasma volume and blood pressure
5. maintain acid-base balance
6. eliminating wastes
7. producing erythropoietin
8. producing renin
9. convertin vitamin D to active form

Question 12

What part of duct reabsorbs 65% of filtrate?

Answer 12

PCT

Question 13

descending loops of Henle is permeable to what

Answer 13

water

Question 14

Principal cells

Answer 14

Found in collecting duct, absorb NA, secrete K, respond to ADH

Question 15

Which has higher pressure arteriole or venule?

Answer 15

Arteriole

Question 16

Glomerular Capsule (Bowman’s) epi? inner layer composed of?

Answer 16

Simple Squamous

Podocytes: foot like extension cells

Question 17

Glomerular filtrations: 3 layers filtrate must pass through?

Answer 17

1. Capillary endothelium (fenstrations)
2. Basement membrane
3. Podocytes

Question 18

macula densa?

Answer 18

mass of specialized epithelial cells of the tubule wall. Located in DCT.

Question 19

Microvilli in which duct

Answer 19

PCT

Question 20

major functions of nephrons

Answer 20

1. glomerular filtrate
2. tubular reabsorption
3. tubular secretion

Question 21

Glomerular filtrate contains? and what does it not contain?

Answer 21

water, electrolyte, glucose NOT plasma proteins, RBS, WBC, platlets, albumin because they are too large. Substances greater than 60000 kDa will not pass!

Question 22

Glomerulus has network of about ___ capillaries. Endothelial lining has?

Answer 22

50; circular fenestrations (pores)

Question 23

GFR (Glomerular Filtrate Rate)?

Answer 23

rate at which you remove substances from blood.

Question 24

How does vasodilation affect GFR?

Answer 24

Increase blood flow in glomerulus. Increase blood flow based on dilation of blood vessels.

Question 25

Normal/average GFR?

Answer 25

120 ml/min (7.5L/hr or 180L/day)

Question 26

Regulation of GFR based on vasoconstriction and vasodilation of afferent arterioles which results from both?

Answer 26

extrinstic (sympathetic) and intrinsic (local chemicals) mechanisms

Question 27

GFR equation

Answer 27

urine volume (ml/min) x insulin conc. in urine (mg/ml) ----------------------------------------------------------------- insulin concentration of plasma (mg/ml) urine volume=urine formation

Question 28

glomerular filtration

Answer 28

movement of material from glomerulus to bowman's capsule.

Question 29

tubular reabsorption includes

Answer 29

1. secretion 2,reabsorption 3. filtration

Question 30

Tubular Load (total about of stuff in the tubule)

Answer 30

Renal clearance ----------------------- GFR

Question 31

Excretion formula

Answer 31

Filtration- reabsorption + secretion

Question 32

Action of ADH

Answer 32

Increases water permability of distal tubule and collecting duct; more water reabsorbed aka less water lost in urine.,

Question 33

ADH deficiency causes

Answer 33

decrease permeability of collecting duct to water; very dilute urine because water can't exit the collecting duct to body so will be excreted.

Question 34

Plasma clearance

Answer 34

measure of rate a substance is cleared from plasma by the kidney. Usually expressed as volume. (ml/min)

Question 35

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism

Answer 35

Regulation of systemic bp

Question 36

We have voluntary control of the

Answer 36

external urethral sphincter

Question 37

micturition

Answer 37

urination