Urinary System- Taylor

Question 0

What does retroperitoneal mean?

Answer 0

Between posterior wall and peritoneum

Question 1

What is the function of the urinary system?

Answer 1

Filter blood of impurities and remove them

Question 2

What type of tissue makes up these retroperitoneal organs?

Answer 2

Mesothelial

Simple squamous

Question 3

Right kidney

Answer 3

Lower than left because of right liver lobe

Close to inferior vena cava

Question 4

Left kidney

Answer 4

Higher than right

Close to aorta

Question 5

What is Diamoxx?

Answer 5

Carnbonic anhydrase inhibitor
A diuretic
Prescribed with high IOP, in high angle closure situations
Makes pt pee a lot

Question 6

Which kidney structure collects urine and shunts it into the ureter?

Answer 6

Renal pelvis

Question 7

What is kidney capsule made of?

Answer 7

Collagen
Fibroblasts
Myofibroblasts

Question 8

What does the kidney capsule do?

Answer 8

Lines external surface of kidney

Question 9

What is within the kidney cortex?

Answer 9

BVs
Medullary rays
Renal columns (within medulla)

Question 10

What makes a lobe of the kidney?

Answer 10

A pyramid and the cortical material around it

Question 11

How many pyramids are within a kidney?

Answer 11

8-18

Question 12

What constitutes a lobule?

Answer 12

Medullary ray + cortex around it

Question 13

How many nephrons in one kidney?

Answer 13

2 million

Question 14

Where is the renal corpuscle located?

Answer 14

In cortex, between medullary rays

Question 15

What makes up the renal corpuscle?

Answer 15

Glomerulus that comes off of afferent arteriole

Question 16

How is glomerular ultrafiltrate produced?

Answer 16

Basal lamina filters blood of the capillaries

Question 17

What happens to blood material that passes through glom without being filtered?

Answer 17

Drained via efferent arteriole

Question 18

Where does the ultrafiltrate go?

Answer 18

Renal space between visceral and parietal layers of renal corpuscle

Question 19

From the renal space, where does the ultrafiltrate go?

Answer 19

Proximal convoluted tubule -> proximal straight tubule (now in cortex) -> loop of Henle descending thin loop -> ascending thin limb -> thick ascending limb -> distal convoluted tubule -> collecting duct -> papillary duct -> minor calyx -> major calyx of renal pelvis

Question 20

Where is the macula densa?

Answer 20

A thickening in the portion of the tubule wall that runs close to the arteriole

Question 21

What does the macula densa do?

Answer 21

Detects levels of sodium ions in urine

Question 22

Where are juxtaglomerular cells located?

Answer 22

Afferent arteriole wall

Question 23

What happens when low levels of sodium or low blood volume is detected?

Answer 23

Macula densa causes juxtaglomerular cells to secrete renin into afferent arteriole

Question 24

What does the RAAS do?

Answer 24

Causes the collecting ducts to reabsorb sodium and increase blood volume

Question 25

How does the smooth muscle ureter move urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder?

Answer 25

Peristalsis

Question 26

Why do the ureters enter the bladder at an oblique angle?

Answer 26

Prevent additional filling

Question 27

Where is the bladder

Answer 27

In the pelvic cavity

Next to hip bone and pubic symphysis

Question 28

What is subperitoneal?

Answer 28

Beneath serosa of peritoneum

Question 29

What makes up the tritons of the interal bladder surface?

Answer 29

Two ureteric orifices

One internal urethral orifice

Question 30

What type of epithelium lines the internal surface of the urinary bladder?

Answer 30

Transitional epi