Urinary Test

Question 1

the urinary system consists of what 3 parts

Answer 1

kidneys, ureters, bladder

Question 2

where are the kidneys located

Answer 2

anterior to deep back muscles in the peri-renal space of peritoneum

Question 3

order that (ureter, vein, artery) enter or exit from the hilum of the kidney from ant. to post.

Answer 3

vein, arter, ureter

Question 4

the kidney consists of what 5 parts

Answer 4

renal corpuscle, proximal convoluted tubule, descending/ascending portion of Henle’s loop, distal convoluted tubule, collecting tubule

Question 5

in relation to the right kidney the liver is _

Answer 5

superolateral

Question 6

in relation to the right kidney the adrenal gland is _

Answer 6

superomedial

Question 7

in relation to the right kidney the right colic flexure is _

Answer 7

inferior

Question 8

in relation to the right kidney the 2nd portion of the duodenum is _

Answer 8

medial

Question 9

in relation to the left kidney the adrenal gland and spleen are _

Answer 9

superior

Question 10

in relation to the left kidney the pancreatic tail is _

Answer 10

anterior to the upper pole

Question 11

in relation to the left kidney the left colic flexure is _

Answer 11

inferior

Question 12

which kidney is the most superior

Answer 12

left kidney

Question 13

the ureters insert into the / portion of the bladder

Answer 13

inferior/lateral

Question 14

what are the 2 deep back muscles that lie posterior to the kidneys

Answer 14

psoas muscle and quadrattus lumborum muscle

Question 15

_ _ is the fibrous sheath encasing the kidneys and adrenal glands

Answer 15

Gerota’s fascia

Question 16

the _ junction is the connection of the ureter to the kidney

Answer 16

utero-pelvic

Question 17

the _ junction is the connection of the ureter into the bladder

Answer 17

uterovesicle

Question 18

what is the normal wall thickness of the urinary bladder if distended

Answer 18

less than 3 mm

Question 19

4 branches of main renal artery in order (and location)

Answer 19

• segmental arteries (at hilum)
• interlobar (level of medullary pyramids)
• arcuate (parallel/adjacent to renal)
• interlobular (smallest renal arteries, run perpendicular to renal capsule)

Question 20

what is the main function of the kidneys

Answer 20

to remove waste from the body via excretion of urine

Question 21

the kidneys adjust _ balance in the blood to maintain _

Answer 21

electrolyte; homeostasis

Question 22

list normal organs seen sonographically in order by decreasing echogenicity (liver, pancreas, renal sinus, renal cortex)

Answer 22

renal sinus, pancreas, spleen/liver, renal cortex

Question 23

what two structures, if enlarged may cause an indentation of the posterior bladder wall

Answer 23

uterus or prostate gland

Question 24

what renal variant is characterized by hypertrophy of the renal cortical tissue between the medullary pyramids

Answer 24

Column of Bertin

Question 25

_ _ is a common renal variant of cortical thickening on the lateral aspect of the left kidney

Answer 25

Dromedary Hump

Question 26

_ _ _ appears sonographically as a triangular hyper echoic area on the anterior aspect of the right kidney

Answer 26

Junctional Parenchymal Defect

Question 27

_ is a frequent complication of an ectopic ureter, in which there is a prolapse of the distal ureter into the bladder, resulting in hydrometer and hydronephrosis of the _ pole collecting system of the kidney

Answer 27

Uterocele; upper

Question 28

_ _ refers to unilateral or bilateral absence of the kidneys and is seen as _ in utero

Answer 28

Renal Genesis; oligohydramnious

Question 29

_/_ kidney refers to a kidney that fails to ascend from the pelvis

Answer 29

ectopic/pelvic

Question 30

_ _ _ is a renal variant where renal sinus and perirenal fat increases and replaces the normal renal parenchyma

Answer 30

Renal Sinus Lipomatosis

Question 31

_ _ appears as a cystic collection medial to the renal hilum

Answer 31

Extrarenal Pelvis

Question 32

_ _ is the most common fusion anomaly in which the _ poles of the kidneys are connected by an isthmus _ to the aorta

Answer 32

Horseshoe Kidney; lower; anterior

Question 33

_ _ _ _ is the anomaly in which both kidneys are seen on one side of the abdomen and one of the ureters must cross the midline

Answer 33

Crossed Fused Renal Ectopia

Question 34

_ _ _ is the anomaly in which the kidneys fuse to form a round, flattened mass in the pelvis

Answer 34

Fused Pelvic Kidney (aka Discoid or Pancake Kidney)

Question 35

what are the 3 classifications of renal masses

Answer 35

cystic, solid, complex

Question 36

ultrasound is utilized post-procedure following a guided biopsy or aspiration in order to monitor

Answer 36

potential bleeding or fluid collections

Question 37

what are the sonographic criteria for a simple cyst (4)

Answer 37

smooth, well-defined borders, anechoic, posterior enhancement

Question 38

simple renal cyst occur in _% of people over the age of 50

Answer 38

50

Question 39

what are the 3 types of renal cysts

Answer 39

peripelvic, paraplegic, pyelogenic

Question 40

what are 3 possible appearances of an atypical renal cyst

Answer 40

multiple thick separations, irregular walls, solid components

Question 41

Autosomal Dominant (adult) polycystic kidney disease presents as _ _ _ caused by numerous cysts of various sizes, it is associated with what type of aneurysm

Answer 41

bilateral renal enlargement; berry aneurysms

Question 42

what happens in advanced stages of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

Answer 42

renal failure and hypertension

Question 43

_ _ _ _ _ is the most common genetically determined childhood cystic disease of the kidneys

Answer 43

Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease

Question 44

Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease presents as bilateral enlarged _ kidneys. The appearance is due to _ _ _ throughout kidney there is a loss of _ _ _. It may be detected in utero with _

Answer 44

hyperechoic; multiple small cysts; cortical medullary distinction; oligohydramnious

Question 45

_ _ _ is a development of multiple cysts in chronically failed kidneys, seen in patients who have received long-term hemodialysis

Answer 45

Acquired Cystic Disease

Question 46

_ _ _ _ is a genetic tumor disorder affecting multiple organs, including the kidneys. Characterized by retinal and central nervous system tumors

Answer 46

Von-Hippel Lindau Disease