Urinary Tract Flashcards
Kidney function
Maintain body fluids-volume and composition
Clear wastes
Maintain acid base balance
Excrete drugs and drug metabolites
Regulation of vitamin D blood pressure RBC production
Muscle layer
Urinary tract antispasmodic work here
Endothelial layer
Bladder protectants work here
Urethra
Alpha blockers used to treat BPH work on urethra
Prostate gland
Testosterone blockers used to treat BPH work here
Muscle layer
Urinary tract antiinfectives work here
Fundus of bladder
Unitary tract analgesics work here
Antiinfectives
Antibiotics-direct antibiotic effect-interfere with bacteria production-bacteria cell death
Fostomycin:one time dose
Acidification of urine
Produces environment not conductive to bacterial survival, bacteria cell death, use tx chronic UTI, cystitis, pyelonephritis, and prophylaxis.
-methenamine
Methylene blue
Antispasmodic
Block parasympathetic activity-suppresses overactivity-relaxation of detrusor and UT muscles
-anticholinergic drugs
Antispasmodic
Darifenacin Fesoterodine Flavoxate Oxybutynin Trospium
Beta3 agonist
Stimulates the sympathetic nerves in the bladder
More urine to accumulate in bladder-increase muscle pressure and urine flow rate
Increase BP and HR
Mirabegron
Treat over reactive bladder-frequency and urgency
Nursing assessment
Monitor urinary output
Monitor for: parasympathetic system -nausea, dry mouth, nervousness, tachycardia, and vision changes
Nursing considerations
Eye exam for long term use
Sips of water or candy for dry mouth
Monitor for hypertension with beta 3 agonist-mirabegon
Analgesics
Phenazopyridine
Direct topical analgesic effect on urinary tract mucosa
Symptom relief
Drug is a dye-urine may be reddish brown and stain
Use of drug longer than 2 days-increase toxins such as hepatic toxicity
Bladder protectant
Pentosan polysulfate sodium
Adhere to bladder mucosal wall-protects from irritation
Used to treat pain and interstitial cystitis
Anticoagulant and fibrinolytic effects
Avoid use any condition that includes bleeding risk
Bladder protectant cont
Administer on empty stomach. 1 he before or 2 after meal
Monitor labs for bleeding
Alopecia is may develop
Petechiae-bruising
Benign prostate hyperplasia
Prostate enlarged-discomfort difficultly intimating stream, bloating
Drugs for treating BPH
Alfuzosin Doxazosin Silodosin Tamsulosin Terazosin
Benign prostate hyperplasia
Block test production- inhibit intracellular enzyme that converts test to androgen di hydro test-develops and maintains prostate
