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A. Block C Paediatrics > Urinary Tract Infection > Flashcards

Urinary Tract Infection Flashcards

1
Q

In children <1 years old, are UTI more common in boys or girls?

A
  • boys
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2
Q

In children of school age, are UTIs more common in boys or girls?

A
  • girls
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3
Q

Which of the following is the most common risk factor for developing UTIs in children?

1 - STI
2 - previous UTI
3 - congenital abnormalities
4 - poor hygiene

A

3 - congenital abnormalities

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4
Q

Does constipation contribute to the risk of UTI?

A
  • yes

Can cause obstruction in urethra and causing urine stasis and increase risk of UTI

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5
Q

UTI are typically caused by the bugs from the GIT, transmitted from anus to urethra. All of the following organisms can cause a UTI, but which is most common?

1 - E. coli
2 - Klebsiella
3 - Citrobacter species
4 - P. mirabilis

A

1 - E. coli

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6
Q

A lower UTI is an infection of the bladder, called what?

1 - pyelonephritis
2 - orchitis
3 - epididymitis
4 - cystitis

A

4 - cystitis

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7
Q

An upper UTI is an infection of the ureters and kidney, called what?

1 - pyelonephritis
2 - orchitis
3 - epididymitis
4 - cystitis

A

1 - pyelonephritis

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8
Q

A UTI can be either complicated or un-complicated. Which 2 of the following would be included under the definition of a complicated UTI?

1 - >6 months in duration
2 - UTI with anatomical or functional abnormality
3 - UTI in patient with reduced immunity e.g. diabetes, chemotherapy, immunosuppression
4 - >2 UTIs in 6 months

A

2 - UTI with anatomical or functional abnormality
3 - UTI in patient with reduced immunity e.g. diabetes, chemotherapy, immunosuppression

Essentially, immunocoprimsied people have increased susceptibility to infection

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9
Q

All of the following are common risk factors for UTIs, EXCEPT which one?

1 - dysuria
2 - polyuria
3 - foul smelling
4 - increased bed wetting
5 - bowel obstruction
6 - darker and cloudy urine
7 - fever
8 - loin to groin and abdo pain
9 - haematuria
10 - reduced fluid intake

A

5 - bowel obstruction

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10
Q

Which of the following is the definition of bacteriuria?

1 - WBC in urine
2 - sepsis due to UTI
3 - bacteria in the blood
4 - bacteria in the urine

A

4 - bacteria in the urine

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11
Q

Which of the following is the definition of pyuria?

1 - WBC in urine
2 - sepsis due to UTI
3 - bacteria in the blood
4 - bacteria in the urine

A

1 - WBC in urine

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12
Q

Which of the following would match the definition of an isolated UTI?

1 - >6 months in duration
2 - UTI with anatomical or functional abnormality
3 - 6 months between infections
4 - >2 UTIs in 6 months

A

3 - 6 months between infections

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13
Q

Which of the following would match the definition of an recurrent UTI?

1 - >6 months in duration
2 - UTI with anatomical or functional abnormality
3 - 6 months between infections
4 - >2 UTIs in 6 months or 3 in 12 months

A

4 - >2 UTIs in 6 months or 3 in 12 months

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14
Q

Which of the following would match the definition of an persistent UTI?

1 - recurrence with the same organisms after treatment
2 - UTI with anatomical or functional abnormality
3 - 6 months between infections
4 - >2 UTIs in 6 months or 3 in 12 months

A

1 - recurrence with the same organisms after treatment

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15
Q

All of the following are symptoms of a UTI, EXCEPT which one?

1 - storage symptoms
2 - voiding symptoms (urine stream issues)
3 - haematuria
4 - dysuria and pain
5 - dyspareunia

A

5 - dyspareunia
- this is pain during sex

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16
Q

In a patient with suspected UTI, which of the following would we expect to be raised?

1 - blood levels
2 - pH
3 - nitrites
4 - protein
5 - leukocytes
6 - glucose
7 - all of the above

A

7 - all of the above

17
Q

In a patient with a UTI, we may image to rule out renal calculi or transitional cell cancer. What imaging would be 1st choice in this instance?

1 - CT
2 - ultrasound
3 - MRI
4 - X-ray

A

2 - ultrasound

18
Q

In a patient with a UTI, we may consider giving the patient antibiotics. What other advice should patients with a UTI be given?

1 - high fluid intake
2 - cranberry juice
3 - bladder emptying
4 - avoid bubblebaths
5 - probiotics
6 - all of the above

A

6 - all of the above
- these can be done by patients to reduce the risk of UTIs

19
Q

The location and type of UTI a patient has affects the antibiotics they are given. Which of the following would typically be 1st line in a patient with urosepsis?

1 - Nitrofurantoin
2 - Gentamicin
3 - Ceftriaxone
4 - Cefalexin

A

2 - Gentamicin
- this is an aminoglycaside

20
Q

In Infants and children who have bacteriuria and fever >38°C, is this more likely to be cystitis or pyelonephritis?

A
  • pyelonephritis
21
Q

In infants and children presenting with fever <38°C with loin pain/tenderness and bacteriuria, is this more likely to be cystitis or pyelonephritis?

A
  • pyelonephritis
22
Q

According to NICE, which of the following is NOT a characteristic of atypical UTI?

1 - Poor urine flow
2 - Abdominal or bladder mass
3 - Raised creatinine
4 - Septicaemia
5 - Failure to respond to treatment with suitable antibiotics within 48hours
6 - Infection with E. coliorganisms

A

6 - Infection with E. coliorganisms

Typically an infection with non-E. coliorganisms

If UTI is atypical need to admit if they get worse

23
Q

If a urine sample cannot be collected and you suspect a UTI, should treatment be delayed?

A
  • no

Mid stream = gold standard

If mid-stream is not possible, use urine collection pads

24
Q

Children under what age should be referred to a paediatric specialist if a UTI is suspected?

1 - <16
2 - <10
3 - <3 months
4 - <12 months

A

3 - <3 months

25
Q

The location and type of UTI a patient have affects the antibiotics they are given in line with local guidelines.

A
26
Q

The location and type of UTI a patient has affects the antibiotics they are given. Which of the following would typically be 1st line in a patient with acute pyelonephritis or prostatitis?

1 - Nitrofurantoin
2 - Gentamicin
3 - Ceftriaxone
4 - Cefalexin

A

3 - Ceftriaxone
- this is a Cephalosporins

27
Q

If a patient has a catheter in and they have developed bacteriuria, but they are asymptomatic, should they be prescribed antibiotics?

A
  • no
  • should only be prescribed if symptoms of infection or if there is a catheter associated UTI
28
Q

If a patient has developed a urinary catheter infection, which antibiotic is 1st line?

1 - Nitrofurantoin
2 - Gentamicin
3 - Ceftriaxone
4 - Cefalexin

A

2 - Gentamicin
- should be given 30-60 minutes before removing the catheter

A. Block C Paediatrics (50 decks)

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