urinary week 3

Question 1

Gero: prostate

Answer 1

enlargement
obstruct flow
frequent oliguria
anuria

Question 2

Gero: bladder tone

Answer 2

increased urgency
incontinence
UTI
less power (men)

Question 3

Specific gravity

Answer 3

Evaluates the ability of kidneys to concentrate solutes in urine and is altered by the presence of blood, protein, and casts in the urine

Question 4

Osmolality

Answer 4

Concentrating ability is lost early in kidney disease; these tests findings may disclose early defects in kidney function

Question 5

Hematuria

Answer 5

can develop from an abnormality anywhere along the genitourinary tract and is more common in women than in med

Question 6

White blood cells in urine

Answer 6

should be very few; increased numbers indicate infection or inflammation

Question 7

Protein in urine

Answer 7

occasional loss of up to 150mg/day of protein in urine primarily is considered normal and usually does not require further evaluation

Question 8

Glucose in urine

Answer 8

Should be absent; its presence is suspicious for diabetes

Question 9

Cystitis

Answer 9

An infection in any part of the urinary system, the kidneys, bladder, or urethra.

Question 10

Cystitis: manifestations

Answer 10

Frequency
Urgency
Suprapubic pain
Burining
Hematuria
Fever
N/v

Question 11

Pyelonephritis

Answer 11

Inflammation of the kidney due to a bacterial infection.

Question 12

Pyelonephritis: manifestations

Answer 12

Flank pain
Dysuria
Pain at costovertebral angle
same s/s as cystitis

Question 13

Cystitis and Pyelonephritis: diagnosis

Answer 13

Dipstick for leukocyte estrace and nitrates UA/C&S

Question 14

Cystitis and Pyelonephritis: treatment

Answer 14

anti-microbials
increase fluid intake
prevention education

Question 15

Cystitis and Pyelonephritis: nursing goals

Answer 15

Symptom relief
Teaching and prevention
Showers > baths 
Perineal cleansing (front to back)
Voiding after intercourse
Anti-microbial therapy
White toilet paper
No perfumes to peri area

Question 16

Kidney stone: s/s

Answer 16

Fever
Stomach pain
Vomiting
Backache
Blood in urine
Dizziness

Question 17

Kidney stone (renal calculi) diagnosis

Answer 17

UA
Cystoscopy
IVD
Renal stone analysis
KUB (x-ray)
Serum: calcium, oxalate, uric acid

Question 18

Kidney stone (renal calculi): risk factors

Answer 18

infection
urinary stasis
immobility
hypercalcemia 
increase uric acid
increase urinary oxalate level

Question 19

Urolithiasis and Nephrolitiasis

Answer 19

What is the problem 
Risk factors
Clinical manifestations
Medical management
fluids
filter urine
pain meds 
diet changes 
Pass on own
Lithotripsy
Surgery
Nephrostomy tube

Question 20

Pyelonephritis: patho

Answer 20

Inflammation of the kidney due to a bacterial infection.

Question 21

Pyelonephritis: s/s

Answer 21

fever 
chills
vomiting
malaise
flank pain
hematuria

Question 22

Pyelonephritis treatment

Answer 22

abx

analgesic

Question 23

Overflow incontinence

Answer 23

occurs when you are unable to completely empty your bladder; this leads to overflow, which leaks out unexpectedly. You may or may not sense that your bladder is full

Question 24

urge incontinence

Answer 24

Loss of bladder control, varying from a slight loss of urine after sneezing, coughing, or laughing to complete inability to control urination.

Question 25

Stress incontinence

Answer 25

happens when physical movement or activity — such as coughing, laughing, sneezing, running or heavy lifting — puts pressure (stress) on your bladder, causing you to leak urine not related to psychological stress

Question 26

Functional incontinence

Answer 26

occurs when an individual with normal bladder and urethral function has difficulty getting to the toilet before urination occurs. Those with impaired mobility or mental confusion may have this type of incontinence.

Question 27

Urinary retention: patho

Answer 27

Difficulty urinating and completely emptying the bladder.

Question 28

Urinary retention: manifestations

Answer 28

the inability to completely empty your bladder when urinating. frequent urination in small amounts. difficulty starting the flow of urine, called hesitancy. a slow urine stream. the urgent need to urinate, but with little success. feeling the need to urinate after finishing urination.

Question 29

Urinary retention: complications

Answer 29

``` chronic infections pyelonephritis sepsis hydronephritis Calculi ```

Question 30

Urinary retention: nursing management

Answer 30

Promoting urinary elimination promoting home care Bladder scan, straight cath., foley

Question 31

benign prostatic hypertrophy

Answer 31

Age-associated prostate gland enlargement that can cause urination difficulty. This type of prostate enlargement isn't thought to be a precursor to prostate cancer. With this condition, the urinary stream may be weak, or stop and start. In some cases, it can lead to infection, bladder stones, and reduced kidney function.

Question 32

BPH: s/s

Answer 32

``` weak urine stream frequent urination dribbling after urination urge to urinate leakage of urine (overflow incontinence) frequent urination during night ```

Question 33

BPH: TURP

Answer 33

Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is a surgery used to treat urinary problems that are caused by an enlarged prostate. An instrument called a resectoscope is inserted through the tip of your penis and into the tube that carries urine from your bladder (urethra).

Question 34

BPH: bladder irrigation

Answer 34

Warm bladder irrigation fluid can decrease the drop of body temperature and the incidence of hypothermia and shiver during and after the operation for BPH. Warm irrigation fluid should be considered as a standard practice in BPH surgeries.

Question 35

BPH: TUR syndrome

Answer 35

from too much irrigation and resultant hyponatremia – N/V HTN bradycardia disorientation

Question 36

BPH: color of drainage

Answer 36

want light pink without clots

Question 37

BPH: management

Answer 37

calculate UOP

Question 38

BPH: medications

Answer 38

Finasteride Dutasteride/tamulosin Dutaseride

Question 39

autonomic dysreflexia

Answer 39

Spinal cord injury at t-6 that is triggered by stimuli at t-6 or below

Question 40

What triggers autonomic dysreflexia

Answer 40

Restrictive clothing Full bladder or UTI Fecal impaction Pressure areas

Question 41

Autonomic dysreflexia: Complications

Answer 41

Complications come from sustained severe peripheral hypertenion - sz - retinal hemorrhage - pulmonary edema - renal insuffiency - MI - cerebral hemorrhage

Question 42

Autonomic dysreflexia: s/s from vasodilation above t-6

Answer 42

Flushed face -- high BP HA -- distended neck veins decreased heart rate -- sweating

Question 43

Autonomic dysreflexia: s/s from vasodilation below level of injury

Answer 43

pale cool no sweating

Question 44

Genitourinary trauma: cause

Answer 44

pelvic fractures, blunt trauma, MVA, penetrating injuries or recent urethral or bladder surgery

Question 45

What should a nurse do if there is suspected genitourinary trauma

Answer 45

do NOT insert catheter until provider has cleared

Question 46

Genitourinary trauma: specific injuries and clinical manifestations

Answer 46

urethral trauma | bladder trauma

Question 47

Genitourinary trauma: medical management

Answer 47

surgical management

Question 48

Cancer of bladder: medical and nursing management

Answer 48

surgery meds radiation

Question 49

Urinary diversion

Answer 49

Ileal conduit - - stoma in which urine comes out of (cutaneous ureterostomy) - - stoma should be pink - - client will alway smell of urine (psychosocial factors)