Urinatry Flashcards
(38 cards)
What is the primary function of the nephron?
To remove waste and excess substances from the blood
Where does filtration of blood take place in the nephron?
Glomerulus
Which structure of the nephron reabsorbs the majority of water and solutes from the filtrate?
Proximal convoluted tubule
Which of the following is NOT a substance typically filtered by the glomerulus?
Large proteins
What is the role of the distal convoluted tubule in urine formation?
Both B and C
Reabsorption of water and ions; Secretion of waste products into the filtrate.
The Loop of Henle is primarily responsible for:
Reabsorbing water and salts
What does the macula densa monitor in the nephron?
Sodium concentration in the filtrate
Which of the following is the correct order of fluid flow through the nephron?
Glomerulus → Proximal convoluted tubule → Loop of Henle → Distal convoluted tubule
Which process allows for the movement of substances from the blood into the nephron?
Filtration
Which of the following substances is most commonly reabsorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule?
Glucose
What is the term for the fluid that enters the nephron from the glomerulus?
Filtrate
In which part of the nephron does countercurrent multiplication primarily occur?
Loop of Henle
Which of the following factors primarily influences the glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?
Blood pressure in the glomerulus
What hormone regulates the reabsorption of water in the collecting duct?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
What role does aldosterone play in the nephron?
It increases sodium reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule.
The filtration membrane of the glomerulus prevents the passage of:
Large proteins and blood cells
Which of the following substances is secreted into the nephron during urine formation?
Hydrogen ions
Where does most of the reabsorption of water and solutes occur in the nephron?
Proximal convoluted tubule
Which structure is responsible for regulating the filtration rate by constricting or dilating?
Afferent arteriole
In the nephron, water reabsorption in the descending limb of the Loop of Henle is:
Passive and dependent on the osmolarity of the surrounding fluid
Which of the following best describes the role of the collecting duct?
It reabsorbs water under the influence of ADH.
What is the main purpose of the vasa recta?
To help maintain the osmotic gradient in the medulla
Which of the following describes the function of the proximal convoluted tubule?
It absorbs sodium, glucose, and amino acids from the filtrate.
What is the main driving force for the filtration of blood in the glomerulus?
Hydrostatic pressure
