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URINE Flashcards

(71 cards)

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1
Q

Urine is composed of _% of water and _% solutes

A

95% water 5% solutes

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2
Q

Major inorganic component of urine

A

Chloride

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3
Q

Second major inorganic component of urine

A

Sodium

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4
Q

Major organic component of urine

A

Urea

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5
Q

Approximately _____mL of urine is excreted daily

A

600-2000mL

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6
Q

Increased urine output

A

Polyuria

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7
Q

Decreased urine output

A

Oliguria

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8
Q

complete cessation of urine flow

A

Anuria

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9
Q

refers to painful urination

A

Dysuria

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10
Q

increased excretion of urine at night

A

Nocturia

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11
Q

Normal day to night ratio of urine is

A

2:1

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12
Q

Yellow color of urine is caused by the presence of the pigment

A

Urochrome

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13
Q

Urochrome excretion is increased when there is……

A

Fever, thyrotoxicosis, starvation

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14
Q

pink colored pigment and is most evident in specimens that have refrigerated

A

Uroerythrin

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15
Q

an oxidation product of the normal urinary constituent urobilinogen, imparts orange-brown color to urine

A

urobilin

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16
Q

smoky red brown urine that has intact RBCs

A

Hematuria

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17
Q

serves as an indicator of how well hydrated a person; gives a rough estimation of urine concentration

A

Urine color

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18
Q

Port wine or burgundy color urine indicates the presence of

A

porphyrins

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19
Q

color of urine in lead poisoning (lead porphyrinuria)

A

Yellow

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20
Q

color of urine in px with DI or DM

A

Pale yellow

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21
Q

urine specimen should be delivered to the lab and tested within

A

2 hours

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22
Q

what will increase in unpreserved urine

A

odor, pH, bacteria, nitrite (pos)

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23
Q

functional unit of the kidney

A

nephron

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24
Q

normal adult blood posses through the kidney at a rate of

A

1200ml/min

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25
Renal plasma flow is equivalent to
600-700mL
26
are arterioles that will carry blood towards the nephrons
Afferent arterioles
27
renal _____ will deliver blood to the nephrons
renal artery
28
renal _____ will take away the blood from the nephrons
renal vein
29
filtering apparatus of the nephrons
glomerulus
30
glomerulus produces a filtrate with constant SG of _____ and a pH of ____
1.010 7.4
31
are responsible for concentrating and diluting the urine
renal tubules
32
majority of the reabsorption processes occurs in the
proximal convoluted tubule
33
permeable to water but impermeable to salt
Descending loop of Henle
34
permeable to salt but impermeable to water
Ascending loop of Henle
35
ADH acts in the ___________ and ___________ to promote water reabsorption
DCT and Collecting ducts
36
glomerulus is ______ charged
negatively
37
what can be filtered by the PCT
"WAGE" water amino acids glucose electrolytes
38
this test is no longer used because it is affected by diet and because 40% of urea is reabsorbed by the tubules
Urea clearance test
39
gold standard for assessment of GFR
inulin clearance test
40
most commonly used method to assess GFR
creatinine clearance test
41
creatinine clearance test requires:
24 hrs urine serum / plasma
42
most commonly used test that assess tubular reabsorption test
Specific gravity
43
more sensitive test that assess tubular reabsorption test since it is only affected by the number of particles
Osmolarity / osmolality
44
what are the tests that assess tubular secretion
PAH test Titratable acidity urinary ammonia urine pH Phenolsulfonpthalein
45
normal pH of a random urine
4.5 - 8.0
46
most common colligative property of osmometers
freezing point
47
pH reagent strip principle
double indicator system
48
pH uses what color indicator
methyl red and bromthymol blue
49
Protein reagent strip principle
protein error of indicator
50
protein uses what color indicator
tetrabromphenol blue
51
confirmatory test for protein in the urine
3% Sulfosalicylic acid
52
Bence jones protein is seen in px with
multiple myeloma
53
glucose reagent strip principle
double sequential enzymatic reaction
54
reagents of glucose in reagent strip
glucose oxidase and peroxidase, chromogen
55
Detects for reducing sugars
Copper reduction tests Benedict's test and Clinitest tablet test
56
high blood glucose and positive for urine glucose
HAG - hyperglycemia associated glycosuria
57
+ urine glucose caused by PCT defect
renal associated glycosuria (RAG)
58
ketone reagent strip principle
sodium nitroprusside
59
forms of ketones and its percent
B-hydroxybutyric acid - 78% acetoacetic acid - 20% acetone - 2%
60
Tablet for ketones that can be used in serum, urine and other body fluids
acetest tablets
61
blood reagent strip principle
pseudoperoxidase activity of the heme
62
reagent used in blood reagent strip
tetramethyl benzidine
63
urobilinogen reagent strip principle
ehlrich rxn or diazo reaction
64
the only test that you will never report as negative or positive only normal or increased
urobilinogen
65
Bilirubin reagent strip principle
diazo reaction
66
More sensitive bilirubin test than reagent strip
ictotest tablet
67
nitrite reagent strip principle
Greiss reaction
68
normal specific gravity
1.002 - 1.035
69
LE reagent strip principle
ester-diazo rxn
70
very high SG indicates the presence of
Radiographic contrast media
71
principle of dipstick reader
reflectance optometry

AUBF (1 decks)

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